SIV-Mandrill SIV-Sun-tailed monkey SIV-Chimp (from 3 regions) HIV-1 HIV-1 Group M SIV-L'hoest Group N monkey SIV-African green monkey HIV-2b HIV-2a (2 samples) SIV-sooty Mangabey (2 samples) SIV-Skyes' monkey Using the diagram above: d. Is it possible to tell how many times HIV evolved from non-HIV? Explain. f. Is there more genetic diversity in the various types of HIV-1 or HIV-2 worldwide? How is it possible to tell?

SIV-Mandrill SIV-Sun-tailed monkey SIV-Chimp (from 3 regions) HIV-1 HIV-1 Group M SIV-L'hoest Group N monkey SIV-African green monkey HIV-2b HIV-2a (2 samples) SIV-sooty Mangabey (2 samples) SIV-Skyes' monkey Using the diagram above: d. Is it possible to tell how many times HIV evolved from non-HIV? Explain. f. Is there more genetic diversity in the various types of HIV-1 or HIV-2 worldwide? How is it possible to tell?

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter10: Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2CT

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Similar questions

The evolutionary tree of HIV-1 revels that a.) The SIV strain that infects gorillas is the same strain that infects chimpanzees. b.) HIV is a monophyletic clade that originated from the same strain of SIV. c.) All of the answers are correct d.) The virus jumped from chimpanzees to humans four times. E.) western chimpanzees are more closely related to gorillas than eastern chimpanzees.
Which of the following statements accurately describes what we learned about HIV evolution? a. HIV is more deadly in Northern Europe, but more transmissible in Africa. That is why there are more individuals infected with the illness in Africa. b. HIV shares a most recently common ancestor with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) such that SIV evolved as it host-switched from chimpanzees and gorillas into humans multiple times. c. Drug development is exceedingly difficult because there are very few drug targets for HIV and AZT (a reverse transcriptase inhibitor) alone is the single most effective treatment for HIV. d. Evolution of HIV virions within a person is quite slow such that a blood draw after 1 year of infection would reveal that every single virion would have the exact same sequence.
Do you think a variation in the human genome that confers resistance to coronaviruses (SARS-COV-2) Will be selected for in the human population through future human generations? why or why not? Consider covid 19 morality rates, the reproductive ages of those who are most at risk, economic factors, etc. Pathogens evolve over time as well, what effect if any could this have on human evolution?
Red numbers are bootstrap scores. Recall that any bootstrap score >= 90% is considered strong. From image attached answer the following: Are most bootstrap scores in your tree >= 90%? Does your tree support the hypothesis that HIV-1 is closely related to chimpanzee SIV (SIV_CPZ)? Does your tree support the hypothesis that HIV-2 is closely related to various non-chimpanzee SIVs?
Can viruses adapt by natural selection? A. No, because there isn't a genetic basis for inheritance between parent and offspring virus particles. B. No, because there isn't a way to distinguish more fit from less fit virus particles C. Yes but only via human (domestic/artificial) selection D. No they evolve by mutations. E. Yes, virus particles that are most successful successful in reproducing quickly and infecting other host cells are the best adapted.
Evaluate how each of the following results of scientific studies regarding mutations of the SARS-COV2 viral genome may implicate how humans can live with the virus for generations to come. Results Implication Scientific analysis of SARS-COV2 viral genomes from different countries has revealed that the virus accumulates about 2 new mutations per month. Many of these mutations have occurred due to their many battles with the immune systems of their human hosts. The vast majority of mutations have little or no effect on how the virus behaves, but scientists are keeping a watchful eye on mutations of the critical region of the viral genome: the gene encoding the spike protein. Mutations that give the virus an evolutionary advantage should be more likely to turn up repeatedly in the virus’ family tree.
Use Figure 2 to answer the following Circle the common ancestor of HIV in Central Africa According to the Bite, the researchers compared only a small portion of the DNA sequence of each HIV strain, not the entire sequence. Why do you think they did that?
Jenny works on a cow farm and has recently come down with a certain type of flu that has never been seen before. What's the likely mechanism that has brought about this particular novel virus? a. Antigenic drift b. Point mutation c. Avian recombination d. Hybridization e. Antigenic shift
Which of the following is true? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices Recombination is the only way by which genomes evolve All recombinant coronaviruses are expected to behave in the same way as the parental types Recombination between different coronaviruses might result in a new virus that is more contagious or more deadly
According to studies of SARS- CoV-2, the typical genetic mutation rate for this virus is 1 mutation every 16 days, and measles every 39 days, on average. Which virus is likely to have the fastest rate of evolution? A. Ebola B. flu (influenza) C. Measles D. SARS-CoV-2
In 1918, an influenza pandemic that originated with avian flu killed 50 million people. Researchers isolated samples of that virus from bodies of infected people preserved in Alaskan permafrost since 1918. From the samples, they sequenced the viral genome, then reconstructed the virus. The reconstructed virus is 39,000 times more infectious than modern influenza strains, and 100 percent lethal in mice. Understanding how this virus works can help us defend ourselves against other deadly influenza strains that arise. For example, discovering what makes it so infectious would help researchers design more effective vaccines. Critics of the research are concerned: If the virus escapes the containment facilities (even though it has not done so yet), it might cause another pandemic. Worse, terrorists could use the published DNA sequence and methods to make the virus for horrific purposes. Do you think this research makes us more or less safe?
Understanding how this virus works can help us defend ourselves against other deadly influenza strains that arise. Critics of the research are concerned: If the virus escapes the containment facilities (even though it has not done so yet), it might cause another pandemic. Worse, terrorists could use the published DNA sequence and methods to make the virus for horrific purposes. Do you think this research makes us more or less safe?