Sleep apnea is a disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. In a cross-sectional study of 430 adults who suffer from sleep apnea, it was found that 215 had gum disease. Note: In the general population, about 17.5% of individuals have gum disease. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 1). Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 2). Click here to view the table critical t-values (a) What does it mean for this study to be cross-sectional? O A. The data were obtained over the course time and the study was an observational study. O B. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study. OC. The data were obtained over the course of time and the study was an experiment. O D. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an experiment. (b) What is the variable of interest in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative? Explain. Identify the variable of interest. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Whether a person has gum disease or not. O B. Whether person with sleep apnea has gum disease or not. OC. The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea. O D. Whether a person has sleep apnea or not. Determine whether the variable in question is qualitative or quantitative. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Quantitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study. O B. Qualitative-the variable can be numerically measured. O c. Quantitative-the variable can be numerically measured. O D. Qualitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study. (c) Estimate the proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease with 99% confidence. Interpret your result. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice. (Use ascending order. Round to three decimal places as needed.) O A. There is 99% confidence that the population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease between and O B. 99% of the population lies in the interval between and O C. There is a 99% chance that the true population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between and
Sleep apnea is a disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. In a cross-sectional study of 430 adults who suffer from sleep apnea, it was found that 215 had gum disease. Note: In the general population, about 17.5% of individuals have gum disease. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 1). Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 2). Click here to view the table critical t-values (a) What does it mean for this study to be cross-sectional? O A. The data were obtained over the course time and the study was an observational study. O B. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study. OC. The data were obtained over the course of time and the study was an experiment. O D. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an experiment. (b) What is the variable of interest in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative? Explain. Identify the variable of interest. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Whether a person has gum disease or not. O B. Whether person with sleep apnea has gum disease or not. OC. The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea. O D. Whether a person has sleep apnea or not. Determine whether the variable in question is qualitative or quantitative. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Quantitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study. O B. Qualitative-the variable can be numerically measured. O c. Quantitative-the variable can be numerically measured. O D. Qualitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study. (c) Estimate the proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease with 99% confidence. Interpret your result. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice. (Use ascending order. Round to three decimal places as needed.) O A. There is 99% confidence that the population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease between and O B. 99% of the population lies in the interval between and O C. There is a 99% chance that the true population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between and
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
Transcribed Image Text:Sleep apnea is a disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. In a cross-sectional study of 430 adults who suffer from sleep apnea, it was found that 215 had gum disease. Note: In
the general population, about 17.5% of individuals have gum disease. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.
Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 1).
Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 2).
Click here to view the table of critical t-values.
.....
(a) What does it mean for this study to be cross-sectional?
A. The data were obtained over the course of time and the study was an observational study.
B. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study.
OC.
data were obtained over the course
time and the study was an experiment.
D. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an experiment.
(b) What is the variable of interest in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative? Explain. Identify the variable of interest. Choose the correct answer below.
A. Whether a person has gum disease or not.
B. Whether a person with sleep apnea has gum disease or not.
C. The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea.
D. Whether a person has sleep apnea or not.
Determine whether the variable in question is qualitative or quantitative. Choose the correct answer below.
A. Quantitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study.
B. Qualitative-the variable can be numerically measured.
C. Quantitative-the variable can be numerically measured.
D. Qualitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study.
(c) Estimate the proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease with 99% confidence. Interpret your result. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice.
(Use ascending order. Round to three decimal places as needed.)
A. There is 99% confidence that the population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between
and
B. 99% of the population lies in the interval between
and
O C. There is a 99% chance that the true population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between
and
Transcribed Image Text:JU)
naiei yi
Standard normal distribution tablstandard normal distribution table (page 2)
Standard normal distribution table (page 1)
Standard Nomal Distribution
0,00
0,01
0.02
0.03
0,04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5000
0.5398
0.5793
0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591
0.5080
0.5478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628
0.5120
0.5517
0.5910
0.6293
0.6664
0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.5199
0.5596
0.5987
0.6368
0.6736
0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772
0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808
0.5319
0.5714
0.6103
0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6517
0.6879
Standard Normal Distribution
0.6179
0.6554
0.6480
0.6844
0,00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0,08
0,09
0.6331
0.6700
-3.4
-3.3
-3.2
0.0003
0.0005
0.0007
0.0010
0.0013
0.0003
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0013
0.0003
0,0005
0.0006
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.0011
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0008
0.0011
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0004
0.0006
0,0002
0,0003
0.0005
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0,6915
0.7257
0.7580
0,6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
08186
0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212
0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0,8289
0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0,8051
0.8315
0,8554
0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365
0.7224
0.7549
0,7852
0.0004
0.0006
0.0004
0.0006
0.0009
0.0012
-3.1
-3.0
0.0009
0.0013
0.0008
0.0012
0.0008
0.0011
0.0007
0.0010
0.7881
0,8159
0.7967
0.8238
0.7995
0.8264
0.8078
0.8340
0.8133
0.8389
0.0007
0.0010
-29
-28
-2.7
-2.6
-2.5
0.0015
0.0021
0.0029
0.0039
0.0052
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.8413
0.8643
0,8849
0.9032
0.9192
0.8438
0.8665
0 8869
0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.8485
0.8708
0.8907
0.9082
0.9236
0.8508
0.8729
0,8925
0.9099
0.9251
0.8531
0.8749
0,8944
0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0,8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319
0.0019
0.0026
0.0018
0.0025
0.0034
0.0045
0.0060
0.0018
0.0024
0.0033
0.0016
0.0022
0,0030
0.0015
0.0021
0.0028
0.0038
0.0014
0.0019
0.0026
0.0036
0.0048
0.0017
0.0016
0.0023
0.0032
0.0023
0.0031
0.0014
0.0020
0.0027
0.8770
0.8962
0.0035
0.0047
0.0062
0.9115
0.9265
0.9131
0.9279
0.9147
0.9292
0.9162
0.9306
1.3
0.9049
0.9066
0.0044
0.0043
0.0057
0.0041
0.0055
0.0040
0.0037
0.0049
1.4
0.9207
0.9222
0.0059
0.0054
0.0051
0.9345
0.9463
0.9564
0.9382
0.9495
0.9591
0.9671
0.9738
0.9394
0.9505
0.9599
0,9678
0.9744
0.9406
0.9515
0.9608
0.9686
0.9750
0.9429
0.9535
0.9625
0.9699
0.9761
0.9370
0.0082
0.0107
0.0139
0.0179
0.0228
0.0080
0.0104
0.0136
0.0075
0.0099
0.0129
0,0069
0.0091
0.0119
0.0154
0.0197
0.0066
0.0087
0.0113
0.0146
0.0188
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
0.9332
0.9452
0.9554
0.9357
0.9474
0.9573
0.9656
0.9726
0.9418
0.9525
0.9616
0.9441
0.9545
0.9633
0.9706
0.9767
-2.4
-2.3
-2.2
0.0078
0.0102
0.0132
0.0170
0.0217
0.0073
0.0096
0.0125
0.0162
0.0207
0.0071
0.0094
0.0122
0.0158
0.0202
0.0068
0.0089
0.0116
0.0064
0.0084
0.0110
0.0143
0.0183
0.9484
0.9582
0.9664
0.9732
0,9641
0.9649
0.9693
0.9756
0.0174
0.0222
0.9713
0.9719
-2.1
-2.0
0.0150
0.0192
0.0166
0.0212
0.0250
0.0314
0.0392
0.0485
0.0594
2.0
2.1
2.2
0.9772
0.9821
0.9778
0.9826
0.9864
0,9896
0.9920
0.9783
0,9830
0.9868
0.9898
0.9922
0.9788
0.9834
0.9871
0.9901
0.9925
0.9793
0.9838
0.9875
0.9904
0.9927
0.9798
0,9842
0.9878
0.9803
0,9846
0.9881
0.9909
0.9931
0.9808
0.9850
9884
0.9812
0 9854
0,9887
0.9913
0.9934
0.9817
0.9857
-1.9
-1.8
0.0287
0.0359
0.0446
0.0548
0.0668
0.0281
0.0351
0.0436
0.0537
0.0655
0.0274
0.0344
0.0427
0.0526
0.0643
0.0268
0.0336
0.0418
0.0516
0.0630
0.0262
0.0329
0.0409
0.0256
0.0322
0.0401
0.0495
0.0606
0.0244
0.0307
0.0384
0.0475
0.0582
0.0239
0.0301
0.0375
0.0465
0.0571
0.0233
0.0294
0.0367
0.9861
0.9893
0.9918
0.9
0.9911
0.9932
0.9890
0.9916
0.9936
0.9906
0.9929
2.3
-1.7
2.4
-1.6
-1.5
0.0505
0.0618
0.0455
0,0559
0.0778
0.0934
0.1112
0.1314
0.1539
2.5
2.6
2.7
0.9938
0.9953
0,9965
0.9974
0.9981
0.9940
0.9955
0.9966
0.9975
0.9982
0.9941
0.9956
0.9967
0.9976
0.9982
0.9943
0.9957
0.9968
0.9977
0.9083
0.9945
0.9959
0.9969
0,9946
0.9960
0.9970
0.9978
0,9984
0.9948
0.9961
0.9971
0.9979
0.9985
0.9949
0.9962
0.9972
0.9979
0.9985
0,9951
0.9963
0.9973
0.9952
0.9964
0.9974
0.0793
0.0951
0.1131
0.0764
0.0918
0.1093
0.1292
0.1515
0.0749
0.0901
0.1075
0.0721
0.0869
0.1038
0.0708
0.0853
0.1020
0.0694
0.0838
0.1003
0.0681
0.0823
0,0985
-14
0.0808
0.0968
0.1151
0.0735
0.0885
0.1056
0.1251
0.1469
-13
0.9980
0.9986
2.8
0.9977
0.9981
0,9986
-1.2
-1.1
2.9
0.9984
0.1335
0.1562
0.1170
0.1379
0.1230
0.1357
0.1587
0.1271
0.1492
0.1210
0.1190
0.1401
3.0
3.1
3.2
0.9987
0.9990
0.9993
0,9995
0.9997
0.9987
0.9991
0.9993
0.9987
0.9991
0.9994
0.9995
0.9997
0.9988
0.9991
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9988
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0,9996
0.9997
0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9989
0.9992
0.9995
0.9990
0.9993
0.9995
0.9990
0.9993
0,9995
0,9997
0.9998
-1.0
0.1446
0.1423
-0.9
-08
-0.7
0.1841
0.2119
0.2420
0.2743
0.3085
0.1814
0.2090
0.2389
0.2709
0.3050
0.1788
0.2061
0.2358
0.2676
0.3015
0.1762
0.2033
0.2327
0,2643
0.2981
0.1736
0.2005
0.2296
0.1711
0.1977
0.2266
0,2578
0.2912
0.1685
0.1949
0.2236
0.2546
0.2877
0.1660
0.1922
0.2206
0.2514
0.2843
0.1635
0.1894
0.2177
0.2483
0.2810
0.1611
0.1867
0.2148
0.2451
0.2776
0.9996
0.9997
33
0.9995
0,9997
0,9996
0.9997
0,9996
0.9997
3.4
-0,6
-0.5
0.2611
0.2946
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0,07
0.08
0.09
0.3446
0,3821
0.4207
0.4602
0.5000
-04
-0,3
-0.2
0,3400
0,3783
0.4168
0.4562
0.4960
0.3372
0.3745
0.4129
0.3336
0.3707
0.3300
0.3669
0.4052
0.3264
0.3632
0.4013
0.4404
0.4801
0.3228
0.3594
0.3974
0.4364
0.4761
0,3192
0.3557
0.3936
0.3156
0.3520
0.3897
0.4286
0.4681
0,3121
0.3483
0.3859
0.4247
0.4641
0.4090
0.4522
0.4920
0.4443
0.4840
0.4325
0.4721
-0.1
0.4483
-00
0.4880
Print
Done
0,00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0,07
0.08
0,09
Tin
I-distribution critical values table
ou ha
of ind
al dis
al dis
t-valu
d that 215 h
Degrees of
Freedom
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
(0.05
0.025
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.0025
0.001
0.0005
1.000
0.816
0.765
0.741
0.727
1.376
1.061
0.978
1.963
1.386
1.250
1.190
1.156
12.706
4.303
3.182
2.776
2.571
15.894
4.849
3.482
2.999
2.757
127.32 1
3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
6.314
2.920
2.353
2.132
2.015
31.821
6.965
4.541
3.747
3.365
63.657
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
318.309 636.619
22.327
10.215
7173
5.893
1
2
3.
14.089
7.453
5.598
4.773
31.599
12.924
8.610
6.869
0.941
0.920
0.718
0.711
0.706
0.703
0.700
0.906
0.896
0.889
0.883
0.879
1.134
1.119
1.108
1.100
1.093
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.943
1.895
1.860
1.833
1.812
2.447
2.365
2.306
2.262
2.228
2.612
2.517
2.449
2.398
2.359
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
4.317
4.029
3.833
3.690
3.581
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297
4.144
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587
o be
8
10
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
the c
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.868
0,866
1.088
1.083
1.079
1.076
1.074
3.497
3.428
3.372
3.326
3.286
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787
3.733
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073
0.697
0.695
11
12
13
14
15
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.796
1.782
1.771
1.761
1.753
2.201
2.179
2.160
2.145
2.131
2.328
2.303
2.282
2.264
2.249
2.718
2.681
2.650
2.624
2.602
0.694
speci
0.692
the c
0.691
0.690
0.689
0.688
0.688
0.687
0.865
0.863
0.862
0.861
1.071
1.069
1.067
1.066
1.064
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.746
1.740
1.734
1.729
1.725
2.120
2.110
2.101
2.093
2.086
2.235
2.224
2.214
2.205
2.197
2.583
2.567
2.552
2.539
2.528
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
3.252
3.222
3.197
3.174
3.153
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579
3.552
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850
16
speci
17
18
19
20
this s
0.860
21
22
23
0.686
0.686
0.685
0.685
0.684
0.859
0.858
0.858
0.857
0.856
1.063
1.061
1.060
1.059
1.058
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.721
1.717
1.714
1.711
1.708
2.080
2.074
2.069
2.064
2.060
2.189
2.183
2.177
2.172
2.167
2.518
2.508
2.500
2.492
2.485
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
3.135
3.119
3.104
3.091
3.078
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467
3.450
3.819
3.792
3.768
3.745
3.725
iseas
apne
25
0.856
0.855
0.855
0.854
0.854
1.058
1.057
1.056
1.055
1.055
3.707
3.690
3.674
3.659
3.646
26
27
0.684
0.684
0.683
0.683
0.683
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.706
1.703
1.701
1.699
1.697
2.056
2.052
2.048
2.045
2.042
2.162
2.158
2.154
2.150
2.147
2.479
2.473
2.467
2.462
2.457
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
3.067
3.057
3.047
3.038
3.030
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396
3.385
ie pre
28
apne
29
30
lestiol
31
0.682
0.853
1.054
1.309
1.696
2.040
2.144
2.453
2.744
3.022
3.375
3.633
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