somas2.uonbi.ac.ke/mo :D The following statements are true about a system that has reached the critical temperature except Select one: A surface between the liquid and vapour phases is no longer present The system must be a closed system The system can be described as a homogeneous fluid Substances can have more than one critical temperature

somas2.uonbi.ac.ke/mo :D The following statements are true about a system that has reached the critical temperature except Select one: A surface between the liquid and vapour phases is no longer present The system must be a closed system The system can be described as a homogeneous fluid Substances can have more than one critical temperature

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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a) The following temperature composition data were obtained for a mixture of two liquids A and B at one atmosphere, where x is the mole fraction of A in the liquid and y is the mole fraction of A in the vapour, at equilibrium.t/ oC 125 130 135 140 145 150xA 0.91 0.65 0.45 0.30 0.18 0.098yA 0.99 0.91 0.77 0.61 0.45 0.25the boiling points are 124 oC for A and 155 oC for B. Plot the temperature-composition diagram for the mixture on a graph sheet. What is the composition of the vapour in the equilibrium with the liquid of composition i) xA = 0.50 and ii) xB= 0.33
A mixture consisting of 1-mol-% ethane, 5-mol-% propane, 44-mol-% n-butane, and 50-mol-% isobutane is brought to a condition of 294.15 K (21°C) at pressure P. If the molar fraction of the system that is vapor is 0.2, what is pressure P (in bar), and what are the compositions of the vapor and liquid phases?
Crude oil containing 5.0 mole per cent of gasoline is stripped by running the crude down a columnup which live steam is passed, so that 15 kmol of steam are used/100 kmol of oil stripped. Determinethe number of theoretical plates required to reduce the gasoline content to 0.05 mole per cent, assumingthat the crude oil is non-volatile. The vapour–liquid relation of the gasoline in the oil is given by ye = 44x,where ye is the mole fraction in the vapour and x the mole fraction in the liquid. The temperature ismaintained constant by internal heating, so that steam does not condense in the tower.
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Two substances A and B are known to form ideal liquid solutions. A vapour mixture containing50% (mol) A and 50% (mol) B is at 311 K and 101.3 kPa. This mixture is compressedisothermally until condensation occurs. At what pressure does condensation occur and what isthe composition of the liquid that forms? The vapour pressures of A and B are 142 kPa and 122kPa respectively.
The vapour pressure of pyridine is 50.0 kPa at 365.7 Kand the normal boi ling point is 388.4 K. W hat is the enthalpyof vaporization of pyridine?
Steam pressures for pure CCl4 and SiCl4 are given as 0.4226 bar and 0.7999 bar respectively, while the temperature is 50°C. For a mixture prepared with these two liquids and boiling at 50°C under a pressure of 0.5333 bar, find the composition of the phases as a mole fraction and a mass fraction. [M(CCl4):153,82 g/mol, M(SiCl4):169,9 g/mol]
Comelli and Francesconi examined mixtures of propionic acid with various other organic liquids at 313.15 K (F. Comelli and R. Francesconi, J. Chem. Eng. Data 41, 101 (1996)). They report the excess volume of mixing propionic acid with tetrahydropyran (THP, oxane) as VE = x1x2{a0 + a1(x1 − x2)}, where x1 is the mole fraction of propionic acid, x2 that of THP, a0 = −2.4697 cm3 mol−1, and a1 = 0.0608 cm3 mol−1. The density of propionic acid at this temperature is 0.971 74 g cm−3; that of THP is 0.863 98 g cm−3. (a) Derive an expression for the partial molar volume of each component at this temperature. (b) Compute the partial molar volume for each component in an equimolar mixture.
. Compatible Polymers A and B are to be blended to achieve a glass-transition temperatureof 60 oC. Tg’s of Polymers A and B are 30 and 85 oC, respectively, using an appropriateequation determine the composition of the blend.
What is ΔSsys for a freezing phase transition at 29.7 °C for a compound that freezes at 29.7 °C and the ΔHsys = -19.45 kJ mol-1 for this process? Express your answer in J mol-1 K-1 to at least two significant figures.
Determine the following from the Txy diagram of a two-component (A and B) solid-liquid system: a) Consider a mixture with overall B composition of 0.57. What is the ratio of the amount of solid containing 0.67 B and 0.33 A to the amount of the eutectic mixture at the eutectic temperature? b) What is the chemical formula of the solid represented by the vertical phase boundary passing through point g? (Hint: use mole fractions of A and B to answer this) c) Suppose we have a solid mixture represented by point k. How much of the solid in Problem 4c is in equilibrium per kg of pure B?
The following temperature composition data were obtained for a mixture of two liquids A and B at one atmosphere, where x is the mole fraction of A in the liquid and y is the mole fraction of A in the vapour, at equilibrium. V °C XA YA 125 0.91 0.99 130 0,65 0.91 135 0.45 0.77 140 0.30 0.61 145 0.18 0.45 150 0.098 0.25 the boiling points are 124 °C for A and 155 °C for B. Plot the temperature-composition diagram for the mixture on a graph sheet. What is the composition of the vapour in the equilibrium with the liquid of composition i) XA = 0.50 and ii) Xp=0.33