Some of the most common mutations associated with cancer are found in the small G protein Ras. Oncogenic mutants of Ras lead to constitutive signaling. Suggest several possible mechanisms for why these forms of Ras show constitutive signaling. Conversely, mutations of Ras have been isolated that have dominant-negative activity (that is, they block signaling by the normal, endogenous G protein). Suggest possible mechanisms for how these mutants block signaling.

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