State the principle that underlies the following biochemical tests: a) Methyl red test b) Voges-Proskauer test.

Q: For an individual organism and an antimicrobialagent, what do the results signify?

A: Introduction  In the various microbiological techniques as we isolate and culture different bacteria…

Q: What is the result for the yellow tube of Methyl red test? What must the pH be in each tube? What is…

A: Methyl red test This test usually aims to differentiate the facultative anaerobes enteric bacteria.…

Q: Write the materials,  reagents, Principle and  procedure for the Periodic acid Schiff technique

A: Answer: STAINING = It is the method to colorize the smear or transparent tissue or cells in order to…

Q: Why are biochemical tests used to identify microbes?

A: Microbes are living organisms that are very small and can be seen only with the help of a…

Q: What is Xanthan ? What is the importance of using Xanthan in the emulsion experiment?

A: Biopolymers are polymers, mainly polysaccharides, which are produced by microbes. They are mainly…

Q: What is the result of tube A in this Voges-proskauer test? What are the reagents of this test? What…

A: Voges-proskauer test is performed to differentiate between facultative anaerobic enteric bacteria.

Q: Write the protocol for the periodic acid schiff technique

A:

Q: Why is the annealing temperature different between samples? How is this computed?

A: Introduction Polymerase chain reaction or PCR  laboratory technique by which millions to billions of…

Q: Why is it better for a drug to be microbicidal than microbistatic?

A: Any substance which is produced by naturally, artificially or through synthetic origin that kills or…

Q: what are the principle chemical reaction involved in each test?

A: The primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols react with hydrogen halides in a different manner and…

Q: what is the effect and rationale when three milliliters instead of 1 mL was placed in the Petri dish…

A: Pour-plate method is usually the method of choice for counting the number of colony-forming bacteria…

Q: Sodium iodide. Dosage form, qualitative and quantitative analysis?

A: Sodium IODIDE(Sodium/potassium) is  water solublea ionic compound form  formation from  chemical…

Q: What is a Goldbeater’s test? What is the principle involved?

A: Tannins are complex, nitrogen-free polyphenols found in plant tissues. Plants produce tannins to…

Q: Draw/illustrate the chemical reaction involved in Lugol’s test and explain the purpose of this…

A: Carbohydrates are polymer molecules that are composed of monosaccharide molecules. Monosaccharides…

Q: What are the disadvantages of biochemical test?

A: Biochemical tests refer to the test done to identify microorganisms. These tests are widely done in…

Q: How did the Hershey–Chase “blender experiments” confirmGriffith’s results?

A: Based on the Griffith experiment's observations, he concluded that genetic material is the…

Q: What is known as montreal protocol?

A: Montreal protocol is an international initiative for ozone depletion.

Q: Under what conditions are media typically sterilized in an autoclave?

A: An autoclave is the pressure chamber used to carry out the scientific and industrial processes…

Q: Define any five Natural Products with MedicalApplications ?

A: Answer: Introduction: A natural product means a chemical substance formed by a living organism or…

Q: ) Gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G50 b.SDS-PAGE

A: Gel filtration: with this method we could separate  protein with respect to molecular weight in the…

Q: what are the types of analogue in medicinal chemistry? and why it is so important in drug discovery…

A: Introduction Drug analogs in the medicinal industry are compounds sharing structural and therapeutic…

Q: What is MDI? Briefly Discuss the formulation and drug aerosolization process from a MDI?

A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients utilize inhalers to deliver…

Q: How do you determine protein concentration using bicinchoninic acid assay?

A: Proteins are polymers that are composed of amino acids. Amino acids are in turn made up of a central…

Q: Discuss the medical application of the Benedict’s test? What other test(s) are used in parallel to…

A: Benedict's test is used to test for simple carbohydrates. Benedict's test identifies reducing…

Q: For what purposes is alcohol a useful antiseptic?

A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…

Q: If we want to observe the following reaction, what must we add to a test tube? Select all that…

A: A chemical reaction is defined as the interaction between different molecules.

Q: Briefly comment on the use of alkaline phosphatase assays as a diagnostic aid for a single named…

A: Alkaline phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze extracellular organic phosphate esters. These…

Q: If a technician examined a Kirby-Bauer assay and found individualcolonies of the plated microbe…

A: Prokaryotes are the primitive organisms that were the first to develop and harness life on Earth.…

Q: why would you perform an indole test?

A: The inside test is a qualitative approach of the biochemical analysis of bacteria that determine…

Q: What is Pindolol drug solubility in water, acidic medium, basic medium?

A: Pindolol is a non selective beta blocker, mainly used in the treatment of hypertension, angina.  It…

Q: State the principle that underlies the following biochemical tests: a) Methyl red test b)…

A: (a) Methyl Red Test Principle These bacteria initially metabolize glucose to pyruvic acid, which is…

Q: What are the biochemical test used to assay fatty acids and cholesterol?

A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acid derivative of aliphatic chain hydrocarbon. It can have long or short…

Q: Your labmate forgot to use CBB-R250 in the process. Which of the following would  most likely be the…

A: The Coomassie brilliant blue is a staining dye used in the laboratory to quantify, visualize the…

Q: What is the purpose of Durham test ?

A: In the carbohydrate fermentation test, we determine whether the bacteria are able to ferment a…

Q: List  Precautionary Notes for each chemical. (Tetramethrin and Lambda-Cyhalothrin)

A: Preparatory Notes of Tetramethrin:Emergency treatment Measures:General exhortation If indications…

Q: Explain how to perform a catalase test and what a positive result looks like

A: Catalase enzyme is a common enzyme that is found in all living beings that survive in oxygen and…

Q: cal is utilized as the reagent known as VP-B?

A: The Voges-Proskauer (VP) test is generally used to test if an organism produces acetyl methyl…

Q: Instead of Molisch's test, what specific test can be used to detect the presence of pentose sugar?…

A: Molisch's test are used for the detection of carbohydrate.

Q: How can you determine the expiry date of a drug? Is there any role for the ICH on these stability…

A: The drug’s expiry date (ED) is the time after which the drug is unfit for consumption. Consuming an…

Q: Explain the reason not for trusting the results after the change of temperature of the incubator…

A: Biochemical test strip Biochemical test strips contain dehydrated bacterial media which are further…

Q: how is the 0.5 McFarland standard prepared? What is the role of this standard in performing…

A: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are microbial sensitivity tests that determine the…

Q: based on safety information for the use of Ethidium Bromide solution and SybrSafe™. What makes…

A: SybrSafe is used to visualise DNA in agarose gel. Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is also used to visualise…

Q: Provide a detailed conclusive analysis for the preparation of methyl orange.

A: Preparation of methyl orange : Methyl orange is prepared from sulphanilic acid. Sulphanilic acid…

Environmental health and hazards

An organism's environment is the environment in which it lives and has an impact on its well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as "those aspects of public health, such as quality of life, that are influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial components in the environment." Environmental health is concerned with both natural and man-made settings in order to enhance public health. Environmental science, occupational medicine, toxicology, and epidemiology are the key subdisciplines of environmental health.