6 Firm 1lowhighlowinhigh5 2000 20 10 10The firms simultaneously set prices at regular intervals. In the equilibrium of this game (if played only once), each firm selects the low price.However, the firms are playing this game repeatedly, for an infinite period of time. The firms utilize trigger strategies in order to maintain thecollusive outcome.Suppose that both firms adopt the grim trigger strategy. They continue charging the high price unless one of them cheats. Upon one of themcharging the low price, they play the equilibrium, low-price strategy for the rest of the game. What has to be true about the interest rate (r) forcooperation to be sustainable?Or<25%Or> 25%Or< 50%Or> 50%

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Suppose that both firms adopt the grim trigger strategy. They continue charging the high price unless one of them cheats. Upon one of them charging the low price, they play the equilibrium, low-price strategy for the rest of the game. What has to be true about the interest rate (r) for cooperation to be sustainable? Or<25% Or> 25% Or<50% Or > 50%

Suppose that both firms adopt the grim trigger strategy. They continue charging the high price unless one of them cheats. Upon one of them charging the low price, they play the equilibrium, low-price strategy for the rest of the game. What has to be true about the interest rate (r) for cooperation to be sustainable? Or<25% Or> 25% Or<50% Or > 50%

Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach

5th Edition

ISBN:9781337106665

Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Publisher:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor

Chapter15: Strategic Games

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15.6IP

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Firm A Firm B Low Price High Price Low Price (2, 2) (10, −8) High Price (−8, 10) (15, 15) Suppose the game is infinitely repeated, and the interest rate is 10 percent. The firms are allowed to collude and make joint decisions. Both firms agree to charge a high price, provided no player has charged a low price in the past. This collusive outcome will be implemented with a trigger strategy that states that if any firm cheats (by charging a low price), then the agreement is no longer valid and each firm may make their own independent decisions. Will the trigger strategy be effective in implementing the collusive agreement? Please explain and show all necessary calculations.
1. Prove that every trembling-hand perfect equilibrium (for the agent normal form) is sequential. Show by example that the converse is false. The remaining problems in this chapter concern game-theoretic variations on the classic models of oligopoly. They are primarily about those models and so relate more to material in other chapters, but they could not have been posed until we had covered Nash equilibria and sub game perfection. 2. Prove that in the Bertrand game, if prices must be charged in integer multiples of a penny, then there is always at least one Nash equilibrium in which players do not use weakly dominated strategies.
Consider the two-round bargaining game. The minimum the seller will sell his home for 188,000 and the maximum the buyer is willing to pay is $200,000. Both players know these two amounts and are bargaining over the difference (M=$1200). Assume the disagreement values are zero for both players. Player 1 moves first by making a proposal and Player 2 can accept and reject. If player 2 rejects Player’s 1 proposal, then Player 2 gets to make a proposal, which Player 1 can reject and accept. The game is then over. Suppose the both players discount the future income at the rate d=0.2 per period. That is, $0.20 now is equivalent to $1,00 received next round. Find the equilibrium for this 2-round game. a) Draw the game tree b) What is the sale price of home? c)Which player gets the larger share of M?
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of collusion? Define Collusion 2. In a Stackelberg game, what is the best response that follower firm 2 can make to the choice y1 already made by the leader, firm 1? Defining the game and provide an example of the best response.
Consider a situation where two firms, 1 and 2, compete by choosing prices simultaneously. Theycan either compete (charge a low price) or cooperate (collude, charging a high price). The firmsplay this competition game repeatedly and indefinitely, using a grim trigger strategy toincentivize cooperation. They use the same interest rate, i, to discount future payoffs. Payoffsare $4,050 when both firms cooperate and $3,600 when they compete. If one firm charge a lowprice while the other charges a high price, the firm charging the low price gets $7,200, and theother gets zero, but now assume there is a 10% chance that aregulatory agency will give both firms a $1,500 fine in each period if they are caught colluding.Find the condition on the interest rate, i , necessary for sustaining the cooperative equilibrium.Which of the following statements is correct?(a) For any i < 1/7 the firms will cooperate.(b) For any i < 1/11 the firms will cooperate.(c) For any i > 1/11 the firms will…
Two players bargain over $20. Player 1 first proposes a split of(n, 20 - n), where n is an integer in {0, 1, ..., 20}. Player 2 can either accept or reject this proposal. If player accepts it, player 1 obtains $n and player 2 obtains $(20 - n). If player 2 rejects it, the money is taken away from them and both players will get $0. Question: Find two subgame perfect Nash equilibria of this game and state clearly each player's equilibrium strategies (recall that in a dynamic game, a player's strategy is a complete-contingent plan). Explain why the strategy profiles form a subgame perfect equilibrium.
Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each earn as profit? How does the price compare to the marginal cost? Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd = 10,000 – 100P, where P is the price of a cubic yard of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic yards demanded per year. Marginal cost is $25 per cubic yard. Suppose that Joe and Rebecca compete in quantities and competition in this market is described by Cournot model. What are Joe and Rebecca’s Nash equilibrium outputs? What is the resulting price? What do they each…
Suppose that there are two firms in a market, firm 1 and firm 2. The marketis declining in size. The game starts in period 0, and the firms can compete in periods 0, 1,2, 3, ... (i.e., indefinitely) if they so choose. Duopoly profits in period t for firm 1 are equalto 105 −10t, and they are 10.5 −t for firm 2. Monopoly profits (those if a firm is the onlyone left in the market) are 510 −25t for firm 1 and 51 −2t for firm 2. At the start of eachperiod, each firm must decide either to “stay in” or “exit” if it is still active (they do sosimultaneously if both are still active). Once a firm exits, it is out of the market forever andearns zero in each period thereafter. Firms maximize their (undiscounted) sum of profits.What is this game’s subgame perfect Nash equilibrium?
q52 If you advertise and your rival advertises, you each will earn 14 million in profits. If neither of you advertises, you will each earn 20 million in profits. However, if one of you advertises and the other does not, the firm that advertises will earn 10 million and the non-advertising firm will earn 16 million. If you and your rival plan to be in business for only one year, the Nash equilibrium is a. for each firm to advertise. b. for the other firm to advertise and your firm not to advertise. c. for your firm to advertise and the other not to advertise. d. for neither firm to advertise.
Two identical firms each have a cost function TC = 2y2 and the market demand for their output is P = -4Q+192a) Write the â€œbest responseâ€ function for each firm.b) Find the Nash equilibrium in this model c) Show that if each firm produces 1 fewer units than the result in (b), both firms make more profit. Use this information to construct a normal form game. Explain why this game is a prisonerâ€™s dilemma.
Define the prisoner’s dilemma game. The prisoner’s dilemma game is a: two-person noncooperative sequential game that demonstrates the difficulty of cooperative behavior in certain circumstances. two-person cooperative simultaneous game that demonstrates the difficulty of cooperative behavior in certain circumstances. two-person noncooperative simultaneous game that demonstrates the difficulty of cooperative behavior in certain circumstances. two-person cooperative sequential game that demonstrates the difficulty of cooperative behavior in certain circumstances. a. What assumptions lead to the dilemma? If the prisoners confess, each would get a light sentence. But each prisoner is interrogated separately and is offered the chance to go free if he or she confesses to the crime and agrees to serve as a witness against the other prisoner. This creates the incentive for both prisoners to not confess. If the prisoners do not confess, each would get a…
Please answer all parts. Two construction companies EdilA and EdilB take part in a race contract to build a school. Both can bid 1000, 2000 or 3000. The winner (the lowest offer) builds the school and pays 900 of costs. 1. When both bid the same amount, EdilA wins the contract. Find the Nash equilibrium. 2. Assume instead that when both bid the same, neither gets the contract, and furthermore suffer a penalty of 10. Find the Nash equilibrium. 3. Assume instead that when both bid the same, each builds half the school (but sustains 600 of costs, thus more than half). Find the Nash equilibrium. 4. Under the hypothesis of point 2 assume that EdilB can observe the offer made by EdilA before it makes its offer, and that EdilA anticipates that. Find the Nash equilibrium by backward induction of this sequential game.