Suppose that each worker has either high or low ability. The figure shows the demand curves for high- and low- ability workers when workers' abilities are observable to employers, labeled Dµ and DL respectively. The figure also shows the supply curves for high- and low-ability workers. The curve SH and SL reflects the supply decisions of high-ability and low-ability workers, respectively.
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- The value of a worker’s marginal product is $40 per hour for high- ability workers and $10 per hour for low-ability workers. The preferences of high-ability workers correspond to the utility function UH(E,W)=W−5E, and the preferences of low-ability workers correspond to the utility function UL(E,W)=W−10E. By law, everyone is required to attend at least five years of school. Two-thirds of the population has low ability, and one-third has high ability. What can you say about the educational attainment of each type of worker in a separating equilibrium, and in a pooling equilibrium? Are workers better off with the most efficient separating equilibrium, or with the most efficient pooling equilibrium? Demonstrate your answer by using appropriate schedules.Explain how the reservation wage is determined in the one-sided search model.Imagine a scenario where a worker receives a wage far above the market determined rate for their employment. Using the concept of cognitive dissonance, would this worker be predicted to respond with more or less effort on the job? Explain.
- You are considering hiring an employee whose marginal revenue product will be $17 per hour, and the market wage for such workers is $15 per hour. You should Select one: a. hire the worker, but agree to pay her $19 per hour. b. not hire the worker since the marginal revenue product is too high. c. not hire the worker because the gap between marginal revenue product and the wage is not large enough. d. hire the worker at the market wage.In order to make a hiring decision, a manger must: Compare wage rate with MPL. If Wage rate is equal to MPL then hire Compare wage rate with MPL. If wage rate is less than MPL then hire. Compare wage rate with MPL. If wage rate is greater than MPL then hire. Compare wage rate with MRP. If wage rate is equal to MRP then hire Compare wage rate with MRP. If wage rate is lower than MRP then hire.Consider the standard set up for thinking about statistical discrimination from last class (groups have same average productivity, but one group has a lower slope on the signal component – call this group women). Neither group has a zero y-intercept. A government issues a minimum wage requirement. Which of the following is true: A. At a low enough minimum wage, employers will hire men and women of any signal type. B. At a low enough minimum wage, employers will hire high signal men and low signal women. C. At a low enough minimum wage, employers will hire women of any signal type and only higher signal men. D. At a high enough minimum wage, employers will hire low signal men and high signal women.
- How is cross elasticity and income elasticity relevant to Indigo’s managerialdecision making?A company called Tramlaw has become the only employer in the local market for retail labor. The marginal value (extra profit before wages) of hiring an additional worker-hour is ?? = 60 − ?, where ?? is marginal value and ? is the hours of labor worked. The supply of workers is given as ? = ? 2 , where ? is the wage (the price of labor). Assume Tramlaw pays all retail workers in this market the same wage. For parts (a) and (b), ignore the numbers and equations (though you could use the equations as hints). a. Explain in words why Tramlaw’s marginal cost of hiring an additional worker-hour is higher than supply, which represents the marginal cost to the worker of providing an additional hour of labor. b. Draw a market diagram of Tramlaw’s local labor monopsony, including marginal value (MV), supply (S), and marginal cost (MC). Graphically indicate the monopsonist’s profit-maximizing quantity of labor ??, wage ??, the efficient quantity of labor ? ∗ , and any deadweight loss (DWL)…There are 81 white seniors graduating from high school and 27 black seniors. a. All of the students with high school degrees apply to UW – Milwaukee. The admissions office looks at their records, and finds that 30% of black students drop out after the first year, compared to 15% of white students. If they have 85 openings, how many of each type of student should the admissions office hire to maximize their graduation rate? b. Suppose there is no difference in graduation rates between black and white students. However, the admissions office wants students who will get good grades. They don’t have access to grade histories of different students, but they can see that all 26 of the 27 black applicants went to high school in Milwaukee, whereas 70 of the 81 white applicants went to schools in the suburbs. The schools in the suburbs have very good academic ratings, whereas the schools in Milwaukee do not. If they have 85 openings, how many of each type of student should the admissions…
- Solving for the equilibrium wage and quantity is a multi-step procedure. First, you will need the marginal resource cost (MRC) curve. This curve gives the marginal cost of hiring an additional nurse (in cost per hour). Since attracting an additional nurse requires raising the wage rate for all nurses, this cost is above the wage rate required for that additional nurse. If the inverse supply curve is given as W = a + bQs, the marginal resource cost is: MRC = a + 2bQs Essentially, it has the same y-axis intercept as the inverse supply curve, but twice the slope. With a single buyer there isn’t a demand curve, but what we would think of the demand curve is the marginal value curve. In this case, it gives the marginal value product (in dollars per hour) of nurses. Hence, you can replace W in the inverse demand function with MVP. To find the quantity of nurses hired, set MRC = MVP and solve: Q. 6. With a monopsony, how many nurses are hired?The equilibrium wage rate in an industry is determined by a) whether workers or management are better at negotiating. b) finding where the market supply curve indicates that the substitution effect and income effect of a wage increase are offsetting. c) the strength of the substitution effect relative to the elasticity of demand for labor. d) the intersection of the market demand curve for labor and the market supply curve for labor.After controlling for age and education, it is found that the average woman earns $0.80 for every $1.00 earned by the average man. After controlling for occupation to control for compensating differentials (i.e., maybe men accept riskier or more stressful jobs than women, and therefore are paid more), the average woman earns $0.92 for every $1.00 earned by the average man. The conclusion is made that occupational choice reduces the wage gap 12 cents and discrimination is left to explain the remaining 8 cents.a. Explain why discrimination may explain more than 8 cents of the 20-cent differential (and occupational choice may explain less than 12 cents of the differential).b. Explain why discrimination may explain less than 8 cents of the 20-cent differential.