Suppose that the coronavirus pandemic (COVID 19) in 2020 has resulted in a leftward shift ofthe aggregate demand curve (it has also shifted the short-run aggregate supply to the left, but let’s ignore this effect here for simplification). 1. Can policymakers use monetary policy (and/or fiscal policy) to accommodate this shock? Describe what happens to the economy in response to this policy action

Suppose that the coronavirus pandemic (COVID 19) in 2020 has resulted in a leftward shift ofthe aggregate demand curve (it has also shifted the short-run aggregate supply to the left, but let’s ignore this effect here for simplification). 1. Can policymakers use monetary policy (and/or fiscal policy) to accommodate this shock? Describe what happens to the economy in response to this policy action

Exploring Economics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781544336329

Author:Robert L. Sexton

Publisher:Robert L. Sexton

Chapter27: Issues In Macroeconomic Theory And Policy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8P

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Some economists believe that a reduction in the level of economic activity and an increase in unemployment are inevitable.’ Use the extracts and your knowledge of economics to assess the view that when an economy experiences a negative economic shock there will always be a sustained increase in unemployment.
As you have learned in Unit 8 (this week), monetary and fiscal policy play important roles in economic stimulation and or stabilization. In this regard: a. When is it appropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? b. When is it inappropriate to use monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate or stabilize the economy? c. What specific fiscal policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how? d. What specific monetary policy tools would you use to stimulate aggregate demand and how? e. What is your conclusion, should policymakers use the monetary and or fiscal policy to stimulate aggregate demand? Explain briefly.
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1.Draw Aggregate Demand, Short Run Aggregate Supply, and Long Run Aggregate Supply as if an economy is in both short run and long run equilibrium. 2. Suppose the price of oil (an input in the production of many goods) decreases. Show how this will affect the model starting from (1) above. What happens to GDP, The Price Level, and Potential Output? Is the economy in a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap? 3. Suppose that consumers feel confident about their futures. Show how this will affect the model starting from (1) above. What happens to GDP, The Price Level, and Potential Output? Is the economy in a recessionary gap or an inflationary gap? 4. Explain in detail and show graphically how the economy will naturally (No government or central bank intervention) return to long run equilibrium after the event from (3) above (don’t consider the event from part 2; only 1 and 3 are relevant to this question) . (the numbers are the numbers of the question from example in question 3 the 1…
Suppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that the minimum wage increases to $15 in the United States, which affects the entire labor market and increases the cost of production. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants to keep prices in the economy as low as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."
What kind of problem is the U.S. economy facing? Give one possible reason why this problem may exist. State whether the Fed should use fiscal policy or monetary policy to address the situation. Given the stated policy in your answer to question #2, indicate what specific policy tool you would recommend as the appropriate course of action and why you are recommending this tool. Policy Implementation: Utilizing the figure above as your starting point, illustrate (graph) the macroeconomic situation of the United States after a successful implementation of the policy tool you’ve recommended. What are the effects on the macroeconomy on GDP and the aggregate price level?
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Suppose that the oil price sharply increased for a while, which increased production costs, causing an adverse supply shock. A. Can policymakers do something to accommodate this shock? Would the outcome be different in this case?
Please only answer part D (I already have part a, b, and c) In the New Keynesian model, suppose that in the short run the central bank cannot observe aggregate output or the shocks that hit the economy. However, the central bank would like to come as close as possible to economic efficiency. That is, ideally the central bank would like the output gap to be zero. Suppose initially that the economy is in equilibrium with a zero-output gap. (a) Suppose that there is a shift in money demand. That is, the quantity of money demanded increases for each interest rate and level of real income. How well does the central bank perform in relative to its goal? Explain using diagrams. (b) Suppose that firms expect total factor productivity to increase in the future. Repeat part (a). (c) Suppose that total factor productivity increases in the current period. Repeat part (a). (d) Explain any differences in your results in parts (a)–(c) and explain what this implies about the wisdom of following an…
(Supply Shocks) Give an example of an adverse supply shock and illustrate graphically. Now do the same for a beneficial supply shock.