Suppose the following equations reflect a particular economy. C = 15 + 0.9(Y – T) I = 5 - 3r G = 5,T = 6 r = 2+ 1.5n + 0.05Y n = 2 Find the equation for the IS curve such that Y f(r) Find the equation for the MP curve such that Y = f(r) Find the equilibrium short-run level of real GDP and real interest rates.
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- Suppose the economy of a hypothetical country has reached its long-run macroeconomic equilibrium when each of the following aggregate demand shocks occurs. The economy of a hypothetical country has been stable for two or three years with very low unemployment. Wages have been gradually increasing during this time. Now stock market prices begin significant increases, causing peoples’ investments, such as their retirement accounts and other investments, to increase in value. People feel very good about the future and use their new-found wealth to buy things that they had been hesitant to purchase in the past. Describe, in a short essay inserted below these questions, how the economic situation will change and how the government could best respond to these changes. Include detailed answers to the following questions in your essay: What kind of economic gap will start to occur (inflationary or recessionary)? What kind of fiscal policy might be helpful to stabilize the economy…Assume an economy operates in the keynisian ( horizontal) ranges of its aggregate supply curve curve. For each of the following changes in condition, state the direction of the effect on : 1. Aggregate demand, 2 aggregate supply 3. Price level and 4. Real gdp A decrease in government expenditure in infrastructure A severe recession occurs in a country, which has been a major importer of the nations exports. The federal government reduces business taxes. The central bank increases the cash interest rateAssuming Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply are initially at ADo and ASo respectively, which of the following explains the adjustment towards long-run equilibrium depicted in Figure B? a. Unemployment (resulting from the short-run equilibrium being below LRAS) causes wages to decline, which increases AS till long-run equilibrium is attained at full employment level of income and a lower price level. b. Government spending is increased, increasing AD to a level sufficient to attain long-run equilibrium at full employment level of income and a higher price level c. In attempting to produce beyond the economy's natural level of GDP, producers bid up wages and prices of other resources, causing the AS to decrease to the point where long-run equilibrium is restored. d. Taxes are increased reducing AD to a level consistent with long-run equilibrium
- Q. 4 For each of the following statements , show graphically and explain the expected effets of the equilibrium price and output for aggregate demand and aggregate supply , other things remaining constant . a . An appreciation in currency. b . An increase in price of non - labor inputs. C. A decrease in real wage rates.PLEASE ANSWER ALL MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1-4) 1. Which of the following is FALSE in regards to an overnight target rate of 3.25%? a) The Bank of Canada will pay 3% interest on Chartered Banks' deposits with the Bank of Canada. b) The Bank of Canada will charge 3.5% on loans taken by the Chartered Banks from the Bank of Canada. c) The unemployment rate MUST be equal to the overnight target rate. Hence the unemployment rate is ALSO EQUAL to 3.5%. d) The overnight target rate is the interest rate that Chartered Banks will use when borrowing and lending money to each other. e) There are NO FALSE statements. All solutions provided are correct. 2. If there is an expected increase in Canada's overnight rate, what should we expect to occur? a) The Canadian dollar will be more valuable relative to other currencies. The Canadian dollar sees an increase in demand by foreigners seeking Canadian bonds and interest bearing investments. b) Canadian exports will rise. c) The stock market will…Assume that (a) the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy is currently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how will each of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium level of real output in the short run?a. An increase in aggregate demand.b. A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregate demand.c. Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.d. A decrease in aggregate demand.e. An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase in aggregate supply.
- Assume the economy of Germany is in a long run equilibrium with full employment. Draw a correctly labeled graph of short run aggregate supply, long run aggregate supply, and aggregate demand. Show each of the following Equilibrium output, labeled Y1. Equilibrium price level, labeled PL1 2. Suppose that there is a significant boom in the German stock market, causing all stocks to increase in value by 15%. On your graph in part A, show the effect this will have on the equilibrium in the short run, labeling the new equilibrium output and price level Y2 and PL2, respectively. 3. Using a correctly labeled graph of the Phillips Curve, show how this change will affect the economy. 4. What two fiscal policy options does the federal government have to fix the market imbalance? Explain how each would affect the economy.You are given the following information about the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply in an economy of Gombakland. Amount of real domestic output demanded, billions Price level (price index) Amount of real domestic output supplied, billions $ 60 350 $240 120 300 240 180 250 180 240 200 120 300 150 60 a) Assuming the full-employment level of GDP is $220 billion, identify and describe the type of macroeconomic problem currently faced by Gombakland. Draw an appropriate diagram with correct labels to support your answer. b) Given that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) for Gombakland is 0.5, calculate the required change in government spending which would be most consistent with closing the GDP-gap. Then calculate the required change in taxation as an alternative policy to achieve the same result. Explain your answer and show the effect of this policy intervention in the same diagram you have drawn in part (a).Question #4. Individual income taxes directly affect personal disposable incomes which in turn affect the domestic demand for goods and services. Production costs depend substantially on oil prices. Market expectations are: (1) income taxes in the U.S. will INCREASE substantially and (2) oil prices will remain relatively unchanged. Using market expectations, what do you expect the U.S. output and prices in the coming years? Assume we are moving from the old equilibrium to a new equilibrium. Please state clearly your assumptions and include a graph to support your answer.
- Given the following circumstances, indicate whether or not the aggregate supply curve would shift and, if so, which way would it shift: The price of a barrel of oil doubles An advance in alternative energy technology significantly reduces its cost In order to maintain a relatively clean air quality, a carbon emissions tax is levied against firms with a carbon footprint As a result of fracking, the price of natural gas is significantly reduced Advances in technology increase the productivity of the American worker, on average, by 30%Consider a scenario of a closed economy in the short run where price level is fixed. Assume that both taxes and money supply increase in a way that keep output constant in equilibrium (suppose that the marginal propensity to consume is less than one). Which of the following may result from the policy change? a) It will lead to an increase in investment but a decrease in consumption.b) It will result in an increase in investment but a decrease in government spending.c) It will lead to an increase in investment and private saving.d) It will decrease investment but increase in public saving.Assume the economy of Chile is in a long-run equilibrium with full employment. In the short run,nominal wages are fixed.1. Draw a correctly labeled graph of short-run aggregate supply, long-run aggregate supply,and aggregate demand. Show each of the following.a. Equilibrium output, labeled Y1b. Equilibrium price level, labeled PL1 2. Assume that there is an increase in exports from Chile. On your graph in question 1,show the effect of higher exports on the equilibrium in the short run, labeling the newequilibrium output and price level Y2 and PL2, respectively.3. Based on your answer in part (b), what is the impact of higher exports on real wages inthe short run? Explain.4. As a result of the increase in exports, export-oriented industries in Chile increaseexpenditures on new container ships and equipment.a. What component of aggregate demand will change?b. What is the impact on the long-run aggregate supply? Explain.