States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
At three different temperatures, T1, T2, and T3, the molecules
in a liquid crystal align in these ways:
(a) At which temperature or temperatures is the substance
in a liquid crystalline state? At those temperatures, which
type of liquid crystalline phase is depicted? (b) Which is the
highest of these three temperatures?
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