Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (T. Aida. 1921. Genetics 6:554–573). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish: fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_ R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only(B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. Aida crossed a homozygous brown fish with a homozygous white fish. He then backcrossed the F1 with the homozygous white parent and obtained 228 brown fish, 230 blue fish, 237 red fish, and 222 white fish. Q. Give the genotypes of the backcross progeny

Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (T. Aida. 1921. Genetics 6:554–573). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish: fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_ R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only(B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. Aida crossed a homozygous brown fish with a homozygous white fish. He then backcrossed the F1 with the homozygous white parent and obtained 228 brown fish, 230 blue fish, 237 red fish, and 222 white fish. Q. Give the genotypes of the backcross progeny

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Description: Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (T. Aida. 1921. Genetics 6:554–573). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish: fish

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic...

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Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (T. Aida. 1921. Genetics 6:554–573). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish: fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_ R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only(B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. Aida crossed a homozygous brown fish with a homozygous white fish. He then backcrossed the F1 with the homozygous white parent and obtained 228 brown fish, 230 blue fish, 237 red fish, and 222 white fish. Q.What results would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red fish with a homozygous blue fish and then backcrossed the F1 with a homozygous red parental fish?
Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (T. Aida. 1921. Genetics 6:554–573). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish: fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_ R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only(B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. Aida crossed a homozygous brown fish with a homozygous white fish. He then backcrossed the F1 with the homozygous white parent and obtained 228 brown fish, 230 blue fish, 237 red fish, and 222 white fish. Q. Use a chi-square test to compare the observed numbers of backcross progeny with the number expected. What conclusion can you make from your chi-square results?
From the pedigree in the previous question, suppose Jon Snow can help Daenerys Targaryan at a cost of 0.05. How great must the benefit (b) to Daenerys be for natural selection to favor this helping behavior? The benefit (b) must be greater than ___. A. 0.05 B. 0.1 C. 0.2 D. 0.4 If the value of linkage disequilibrium (D) is equal to -0.25, one can infer that the alleles at the two loci are Select one: a. in repulsion. b. in coupling. c. in linkage disequilibrium. d. A and C e. None of the above
You find a population of 200 mice in which 32 of them display the recessive fur color. What is the genetic structure (the allelic and genotypic frequencies) in that population, with respect to fur color?
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
Let’s suppose that pigmentation in a species of insect is controlled by a single gene existing in two alleles, D for dark and d for light. The heterozygote Dd is intermediate in color. In a heterogeneous environment, the allele frequencies are D = 0.7 and d = 0.3. This polymorphism is maintained because the environment has some dimly lit forested areas and some sunny fields. During a hurricane, a group of 1000 insects is blown to a completely sunny area. In this environment, the fitness values are DD = 0.3, Dd = 0.7, and dd = 1.0. Calculate the allele frequencies in the next generation.
For the fish model organism Medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), genes at 2 loci (B, b and R, r) determine color of the fish. Fish that have the dominant allele at both loci (B_ R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus (B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish that are homozygous recessive at both loci (bb rr) are white. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring of cross between a homozygous brown and homozygous white Medaka fish? What is the expected phenotypic ratio of offspring if you then generate an F2 generations from the progeny above? Assume that you performed the cross and you observed 465 brown fish, 142 blue fish, 165 red fish, and 61 white fish in the F2 generation. Use a chi-square test to compare the observed and expected numbers of offspring. What conclusions can you draw from your statistical analysis of these results?
In genetics, the dash symbol (–) is a “wild card” that stands for either the dominant allele or the recessive allele; for example, A– means the individual has either the genotype AA or Aa. Two genes that undergo independent assortment affect coat color in Duroc pigs. Each gene has two alleles, one of which is dominant for coat color. Genotypes of the form A– B– are red, those of the form A– bb and aa B– are sandy, and genotype aa bb is white. What ratio of red:sandy:white is expected from the cross Aa Bb x Aa Bb?
Consider the case of a hypothetical genetic disease called WhySciEleven (WSE), an inherited disease that results to the inability to complete production of an amino acid “moduleactivity” that results in brain damage if untreated. WSE is due to a recessive allele. Given one WSE occurrence per 10,000 births. Which term in the Hardy-Weinberg equation corresponds to the frequency of individuals who have no alleles for the disease WSE? a. p b. 2pq c. p2 d. q2
In 1927, the ophthalmologist George Waaler tested9049 schoolboys in Oslo, Norway, for red-green colorblindness and found 8324 of them to be normal and725 to be color blind. He also tested 9072 schoolgirlsand found 9032 that had normal color vision while40 were color blind.a. Assuming that the same sex-linked recessive allelec causes all forms of red-green color blindness,calculate the allele frequencies of c and C (the allelefor normal vision) from the data for the schoolboys.(Hint: Refer to your answer to Problem 12a.)b. Does Waaler’s sample demonstrate Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium for alleles of this gene? Explain youranswer by describing observations that are eitherconsistent or inconsistent with this hypothesis.On closer analysis of these schoolchildren, Waalerfound that there was actually more than one c allelecausing color blindness in his sample: one kind forthe prot type (cp) and one for the deuter type (cd).(Protanopia and deuteranopia are slightly differentforms of red-green…
In a population of flowers growing in a meadow, C1C1 and C2C2 are autosomal codominant alleles that control flower color. The alleles are polymorphic in the population, with ff (C1)(C1) = 0.8 and ff (C2)(C2) = 0.2. Flowers that are C1C1C1C1 are yellow, orange flowers are C1C2C1C2, and C2C2C2C2 flowers are red. A storm blows a new species of hungry insects into the meadow, and they begin to eat yellow and orange flowers but not red flowers. The predation exerts strong natural selection on the flower population, resulting in relative fitness values of C1C1C1C1 = 0.30, C1C2C1C2 = 0.60, and C2C2C2C2 = 1.0. A. Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C1C1 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? B.Assuming the population begins in H−WH−W equilibrium, what is C2C2 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection? C.
An hypothesis for the extinction of the dinosaurs is that the earth had been hit by a gigantic meteor that caused the death of those big reptiles. In that case the entire genetic pool of those animals has been destroyed, invalidating the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In Genetics what is this type of gene frequency change called?