Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 9QP
Using the Hardy–Weinberg Law in Human Genetics
Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3.
- a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults.
- b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population?
- c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Recall that the alleles for blood groups are A, B, O, and that A and B are each dominant to O, and A and B are codominant (AA and AO= A blood type; BB and BO = B blood type; AB = AB blood type; OO = O blood type). According to the Red Cross, in the US Asian population the alleles frequencies of A, B, an O are 18.8%, 17.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. If a mother and son from this population have blood type AB and the father has blood type B, what is the probability that the father’s genotype is BB?
Using the example of pea color in Mendel’s pea plants, can you devise equations to determine the allele frequencies of A and a from the genotype frequencies of aa, Aa, and AA?
Based on this information (picture)
A. What is the probability that a randomly sampled individual from the population has two copies of the a allele (that is, that it has an aa genotype)?
B. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are aa at the asparagus-smelling gene?
C. What is the probability that both members of a randomly sampled married couple (man and woman) are heterozygotes at this locus (meaning that each person has one allele A and one allele a)?
D. Consider the type of couple described in (c). What is the probability that the first child of such a couple also has one A allele and one a allele (is a heterozygote)? Remember that the child must receive exactly one allele from each parent.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19.8 - Why dont genetic markers on the Y chromosome...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 2GRCh. 19 - If you suspected that heterozygous carriers of a...Ch. 19 - If allele frequencies in the hemoglobin gene are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4QPCh. 19 - Prob. 5QPCh. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...
Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - How Can We Measure Allele Frequencies in...Ch. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10QPCh. 19 - Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 15QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17QPCh. 19 - Prob. 18QPCh. 19 - Measuring Genetic Diversity in Human Populations...Ch. 19 - Natural Selection Affects the Frequency of Genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21QPCh. 19 - Prob. 22QPCh. 19 - The Evolutionary History and Spread of Our Species...Ch. 19 - Prob. 24QPCh. 19 - Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics In a given population, the frequencies of the four phenotypic classes of the ABO blood groups are found to be A = 0.33, B = 0.33, AB = 0.18, and i = 0.16. What is the frequency of the i allele?arrow_forwardIf the Hardy-Weinberg equation enables us to use information on genotype and allele frequencies to predict the genotype frequencies of the next generation. In a population of 100,000 people carrying the recessive allele a for albinism, there are: 100 aa albinos and 1800 Aa heterozygous carriers. What is a frequency of heterozygous carriers in the next generation? Calculate the frequency for the A allele and a allele. How this will chance the frequency of alleles in a population for the following generation?arrow_forwardYou find a population of 200 mice in which 32 of them display the recessive fur color. What is the genetic structure (the allelic and genotypic frequencies) in that population, with respect to fur color?arrow_forward
- If 83% of the Elmo Muppet population has a condition that makes them refer to themselves in the third person, and you know that this condition is the result of the homozygous recessive genotype (ee)… Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the allelic frequency of the dominant allele (E)? ______ Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percent of the phenotypically normal population of are carriers of the recessive allele? ________ (NOTE this is asking for # that carry the allele/total "normal" population) In your answer, clearly answer with a number for both 1) and 2). Show calculations.arrow_forwardIn monkeys, black coat color (B) is dominant over brown color (b). A population of monkeys was found to be composed of 67 brown coated individuals and 119 black coated individuals. Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to have the genotype BB? Based upon the Hardy‑Weinberg formula, what proportion of the population is expected to bave black coat color?arrow_forwardApplying Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For instance, within a given sample population, you have p = 0.3. what would be the expected frequency of heterozygotes for the involved allelic pair?arrow_forward
- Alkaptonuria is a recessive autosomal genetic disorder associated with darkening of the urine. In the United States, approximately 1 out of every 250,000people has alkaptonuria.a. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimatethe frequency of the allele responsible for this trait.b. What proportion of people in the U.S. populationare carriers for this trait? In this population, whatis the ratio of carriers to individuals affected byalkaptonuria?c. If a woman without alkaptonuria had a child withthis trait with one husband then remarried, what isthe chance that a child produced by her secondmarriage would have alkaptonuria?d. Alkaptonuria is a relatively benign condition, sothere is little selective advantage to individualswith any genotype; as a result, your assumptionof Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in part (a) is reasonable. Could you also use the assumption ofHardy-Weinberg equilibrium to estimate the allelefrequencies and carrier frequencies of more severerecessive autosomal conditions…arrow_forward****Note for question 1 - you have been given the frequency of the two alleles (dominant and recessive = p + q=1) and you are using those allele frequencies to calculate the genotype frequencies. p2 + 2pq + p2arrow_forwardConnection to Quantitative traits: SNPs are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and are often polygenic in nature. We can think of SNPs in terms of either contributing or non-contributing alleles. A study of SNPs correlated with heart disease has shown that heart problems are severe if 9 or more of the alleles at 6 loci are of the contributing variety. What is the probability the following parents will have a child that is susceptible heart disease? AaBbccDDEEFf x AaBbCCDdEeffarrow_forward
- The ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele (t) cannot taste PTC. In a population consisting of 500 individuals, 347 are tasters and 153 are non-PTC tasters. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and frequency of the genotypes. (Please train yourself to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.) To present your answers, follow the format in the picture below.arrow_forwardConsider the MN blood system in humans. This blood system consists of only two alleles, M and N, and they are codominant to each other. Three genotypes are possible, and these genotypes can be easily identified through simple blood typing procedures, including the heterozygous MN due to the codominant mode of inheritance. Consider the following data: Phenotype Genotype Number of individuals M MM 89 MN MN 162 N NN 79 1. How many alleles exist in this population? 2. What is the genotypic frequency of the M blood type in the population? 3. What is the allelic frequency of M? 4. What is the allelic frequency of N? 5. What is the genotypic frequency of MN? Write your answers directly. You do not need to show your solution.arrow_forwardThe frequency of the A allele is represented by p, while the a allele is represented by q. At hardy-weinburg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the Aa genotype?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
What is Evolution?; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhHOjC4oxh8;License: Standard Youtube License