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- Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.11 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.11 Effects of age and occupational noise exposure on hearing. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities (in decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-old carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-old who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). Which sound frequency was most easily detected by all three people?Occupational Hearing Loss Frequent exposure to loud noise of a particular pitch can cause loss of hair cells in the part of the cochlea that responds to that pitch. People who work with or around noisy machinery are at risk for such frequency-specific hearing loss. Taking precautions such as using ear plugs to reduce sound exposure is important. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented, but once it occurs it is irreversible because dead or damaged hair cells are not replaced. FIGURE 33.11 shows the threshold decibel levels at which sounds of different frequencies can be detected by an average 25-year-old carpenter, a 50-year-old carpenter, and a 50-year-old who has not been exposed to on-the-job noise. Sound frequencies are given in hertz (cycles per second). The more cycles per second, the higher the pitch. FIGURE 33.11 Effects of age and occupational noise exposure on hearing. The graph shows the threshold hearing capacities (in decibels) for sounds of different frequencies (given in hertz) in a 25-year-old carpenter (blue), a 50-year-old carpenter (red), and a 50-year-old who did not have any on-the-job noise exposure (brown). How loud did a 1,000-hertz sound have to be for the 50-year-old carpenter to detect it?Which of the following types of receptors assists in the maintenanceof muscle tone?a. nociceptorsb. proprioceptorsc. Pacinian corpusclesd. Krause end bulbse. All of these are correct.
- Receptor adaptation results when:a. sensory neurons stop sending action potentialsb. a stimulus is discontinuedc. action potentials from different neurons cancel one another outd. the action potentials do not reach the brainThese receptors detect stimuli within the body:a. interoceptorsb. exteroceptorsc. homeoreceptorsd. refl ex receptorsSin Young incorrectly classified proprioception as general somatic motor because it refers to the innervation of muscles. Actually, proprioception is general somatic sensory. Explain why.
- The external ear consists of (Select ALL that apply) ossicles tympanic membrane auricle external auditory canal The cochlea looks like a ______ & it's function is for ______. snailshell; equilibrium spiral; heraing spiral; equilibrium snailshell; hearingThe two-element sensory receptors differ from other types of receptors in being:-a- more numerousb- more widely spread in the bodyc- more sensitived- composed of specialized cells at the sensory nerve terminalsThe withdrawal reflex is a monosynaptic reflex arc.True ORFalse
- The maculae of the utricle and saccule with their embedded otoliths and the semicircular canals _______. dectect changes in the rate at which the head is moving amplify soft sounds to improve hearing can only detect motion if the head moves at a constant velocityPain sensation :-a- is evoked by strong stimulation of specific receptorsb- produces reactions that block transmission of pain impulsesc- arises from small encapsulated receptorsd- occurs when the stimulus causes damage of the sensory receptorsCutaneous pain :-a- is always sharp in characterb- is transmitted by Aδ sensory fibersc- is always followed by hyperalgesiad- evokes spasm of nearby muscles
