The biggest obstacle in the acceptance and development ofthe science of microbiology was the(a) Lack of effective vaccines(b) Lack of sterile containers(c) Theory of spontaneous generation(d) Absence of debilitating diseases before the seventeenthcentury(e) Use of aseptic technique

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Industrial Processes

Industrial processes result in the manufacturing of products (biological products, such as enzymes, medicine) on a large scale using different methods, such as physical and chemical procedures. Few products such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, food items, etc., involve microbes and their enzymes. Such processes are termed industrial biological processes. Microbiology and biotechnology enable us to utilize the ability of microorganisms to produce enzymes, primary metabolites, and secondary metabolites, which in turn help to produce the desired products.