The cooperative payoffs in a prisoners' dilemma are $675 for each player, while the defection payoff is $1,244. The game is repeated indefinitely, players follow a Tit-for-Tat strategy, and the time discount factor is 0.5. Calculate the present value of cooperation.
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The cooperative payoffs in a prisoners' dilemma are $675 for each player, while the defection payoff is $1,244. The game is repeated indefinitely, players follow a Tit-for-Tat strategy, and the time discount factor is 0.5. Calculate the present value of cooperation.
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- In the long run, which plan has the higher payout? Plan A Payout P(Payout)P(Payout) −$10,000 0.24 $5000 0.27 $40,000 0.49 Plan B Payout P(Payout)P(Payout) −$35,000 0.4 $80,000 0.21 $85,000 0.39A US firm, having prior knowledge that Russia would invade Ukraine, bought 100,000 barrels of oil from Heritage Limited , a Trinidad firm . If in January 2022, the US firm enters into a forward contract to purchase the oil at US$65 per barrel to settle in November 2022, what is the gain/loss on the contract to the US firm? The spot price of oil in November averages US$100 per barrel. a. US$35,000 loss b. US$40,000 gain c. US$40,000 loss d. US$35,000 gainAlcoa and Kaiser, duopolists in the market for primary aluminum ingot, choose prices of their 500 foot rolls of sheet aluminum on the first day of the month. The following payoff table shows their monthly payoffs resulting from the pricing decisions they can make. Suppose Alcoa and Kaiser repeat their pricing decision on the first day of every month. Suppose they have been cooperating for the past few months, but now the manager at Kaiser is trying to decide whether to cheat or to continue cooperating. Kaiser’s manager believes Kaiser can get away with cheating for two months, but he also believes that Kaiser would be punished for the next two months after cheating. After punishment, Kaiser’s manager expects the two firms would return to cooperation. Kaiser’s manager ignores the time-value of money and does not discount future benefits or costs. 2. What is the monthly cost of punishment to Kaiser? What is the present value of the cost of cheating for the two months of punishment?
- Alcoa and Kaiser, duopolists in the market for primary aluminum ingot, choose prices of their 500 foot rolls of sheet aluminum on the first day of the month. The following payoff table shows their monthly payoffs resulting from the pricing decisions they can make. Suppose Alcoa and Kaiser repeat their pricing decision on the first day of every month. Suppose they have been cooperating for the past few months, but now the manager at Kaiser is trying to decide whether to cheat or to continue cooperating. Kaiser’s manager believes Kaiser can get away with cheating for two months, but he also believes that Kaiser would be punished for the next two months after cheating. After punishment, Kaiser’s manager expects the two firms would return to cooperation. Kaiser’s manager ignores the time-value of money and does not discount future benefits or costs. 1. What is the monthly gain to Kaiser from cheating? What is the present value of the benefit from cheating for the two months of cheating?The table here shows the no-arbitrage prices of securities A and B that we calculated.Cash Flow in One YearSecurity Market Price Today Weak Economy Strong EconomySecurity A 231 0 600Security B 346 600 0a. What are the payoffs of a portfolio of one share of security A and one share of security B?b. What is the market price of this portfolio? What expected return will you earn from holdingthis portfolio?General Buck Turgidson is preparing to make his annual budget presentation to the U.S. Senate and is speculating about his chances of getting all or part of his requested budget approved. From his 20 years of experience in making these requests, he has deduced that his chances of getting between 50 and 74 percent of his budget approved are twice as good as those of getting between 75 and 99 percent approved, and two and one-half times as good as those of getting between 25 and 49 percent approved. Further, the general believes that there is no chance of less than 25 percent of his budget being approved. Finally, the entire budget has been approved only once during the general’s tenure, and the general does not expect this pattern to change. What are the probabilities of 0–24 percent, 25–49 percent, 50–74 percent, 75–99 percent, and 100 percent approval, according to the general?
- The sales commission of a pharmaceutical distribution company is structured such that its part-time sales representatives receive commissions of: 4.00% on the first $10,000 they sell, 6.00% on the next $10,000, 11.00% thereafter on all sales they make. Daniel, a new sales representative, made sales of $2,500 in his first month, $16,500 in his second month, and $37,000 in his third month. a. What was the commission in the first month? Round to the nearest cent b. What was the commission in the second month? Round to the nearest cent c. What was the commission in the third month? Round to the nearest cent d. What single commission rate would represent his total earnings throughout the first 3 months? Round to two decimal placesIn a staff meeting called to address the problem of returned cheques at the supermarkets where you are interning as a financial analyst, the bank reports that 12 percent of all cheques are returned for insufficient funds, and of those, in those 50 percent of cases, there was cash given back to the customer. overall ,10 percent of customers ask for cash back at the end of their transaction with the store. For 1,000 customer visits, how many transactions will involve:A machine shop owner is thinking of expanding his operations. He has 3 options: a drill press, a lathe, and a grinder. The return on investment for each tool is largely determined by whether the company wins a government military contract. The profit and loss for each purchase and the probabilities associated with each contract outcome are shown in the payoff table below: Purchase Contract 0.40 No Contract 0.60 Drill Press $40,000 ($8,000) Lathe $20,000 $4,000 Grinder $12,000 $10,000 Part 1) Compute for the expected value of each alternative and select the best option.
- Olive Branch is a writer of romance novels. A movie company and a TV network both want exclusive rights to one of her most popular works. If she signs with the network she will receive a single lump sum, but if she signs with the movie company, the amount she will receive depends on the market response (box office) to the movie. Olive's payoffs are summarized: Box Office Small Medium Large Movie Company $200,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 TV network 900,000 900,000 900,000 Probability 0.3 0.6 0.1 1. Without any additional information, what is Olive’s best decision? Additionally, Olive may hire a market research firm to conduct a survey at a cost of $100,000. The result of the survey would be either a "F"avorable or an "U"nfavorable public response to the movie. The firm's historical accuracy, as measured by conditional probabilities is: P("F"|Small) = .3 P("U"|Small)…Traders from the faraway nation of Chplandia have brought infected goods to market in the capital of Pcoria. As a result, a new infectious disease called chpitis is spreading through the Pcorian population. Chpitis is not fatal, but leaves victims severely disfigured for the remainder of their lives. Throughout this problem, assume no discounting of future years.a. The Pcorian government surveys victims to determine how burdensome chpitis is. Respondents claim they are indifferent between living six years without chpitis and living ten years covered with chpitis scars. Most respondents explain that they face a major social stigma in Pcoria’s schools and workplaces.What is the implied quality weight q for a year lived in the aftermath of a chpitis infection?b. Now assume that a drug company has developed an ointment that can be used to treat chpitis sores and reduce scarring. Surveys indicate that the ointment, which costs $10,000 for a full course of treatment, can improve quality of…A rental car company purchased a new Toyota Camry for $35,000. The company determined this asset should be depreciated for six years using the straight-line depreciation method. At the end of six years, the car will be worth $30,500. Estimate the value of the car at Year 4. Question 4 options: $33,500 $32,000 $32,750 $11,667 $31,2