The diagram represents a possible phylogenetic tree showing the relationship between the four species: M, L, S, and R. A MLS R What is the plausible explanation for the appearance of autapomorphic character c in species L and S of tree A although they do not share a most recent common ancestor?

Q: Organisms have the following genotypes. What types of gametes will these organisms produce, and in…

A: Introduction : All sexually reproducing organisms have sex cells called gametes. The gamete produced…

Q: Identity gene 1 (bl, pr, vg) Identity gene 2 ( bl, pr, vg) Identity gene 3 ( bl,pr, vg) How many map…

A: The three point test cross is used in this table. The greater numbers are parental progenies. The…

Q: Which resulting population has more genetic diversity?

A: Evolution is the process of change in traits or characteristics of a population over many…

Q: According to this phylogenetic tree, Callitris sulcata is sister to Select one: a. Callitris…

A: The majority of contemporary categorization schemes, or phylogenies, are based on the evolutionary…

Q: Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection? (a) Your younger sibling got a…

A: Artificial selection is performed by humans. They try to breed the animals or plants in captivity,…

Q: Explain giving reasons the bending of the shoot tip of a plant towards light source coming from one…

A: Plants require sunlight, water, oxygen, and minerals to grow and develop. These are external…

Q: 9. Which one of the following histones is a component of the core particle? A. H1 B. H2A C. H2B D.…

A: In 1868, Swiss physician Friedrich Miescher extracted nucleic acids from the nucleus of white blood…

Q: The mathematical shape of the earth can be made as: a. Flat b. Almost any shape such as spheroid…

A: Introduction :  Earth is an oblate spheroid. This means it is spherical in shape, but not perfectly…

Q: 8. Explain how buffer systems are important in organisms. In the human body, bicarbonate and…

A: A buffer system is important for a living thing as it helps to maintain a constant chemical internal…

Q: Proteins trafficked to the nucleus arrive ____. In the mitochondria, proteins are trafficked in a…

A: Introduction  The biological process by which proteins are delivered to their proper locations…

Q: 2. What link of a contour of biological regulation provides possibility of regulation "on a…

A: Introduction The contour of biological regulation:- It is a way for information processing &…

Q: In the late 1900s, two populations of bubble guppies became isolated from each other when a tsunami…

A: Introduction :- Temporal isolation happens when two populations reproduce in distinct seasons or at…

Q: Match the shorter sequence relative to the longer one.  Note: Observe Chargaff's rule of base…

A: The DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material in living organisms that is composed of…

Q: 86 Which of the following is NOT associated with the prokaryotic cell memb is selectively permeable…

A: The membrane which allow the passage of solvent molecules but do not allow the passage of solute…

Q: Phospholipids (Which is charged, what is the functional significance? Are they preferentially…

A: Phospholipids are biomolecules that are composed of glycerol, phosphate group, and lipids/ fatty…

Q: 3. In the absence of the channel of straight connection the activity of a contour of biological…

A: Regulation  In biology, regulation means to control the process that take place inside an organism.

Q: Parsimony criterion is used to choose the hypothesis of relationships which requires the least…

A: Homology It is the similarity of the structure, physiology, or development of various species of…

Q: If you are trying to set up a PCR with a total volume of 40uL and you have access to a stock…

A: Inroduction DNA replication occurs in our body. But PCR or polymerase chain reaction  is a…

Q: Question 10 of 14 Which of the following are true about MHC class I and MHC class II peptide…

A: The statements which are true about Mhc class 1 and Mhc class two peptide loading are 1 : MHC class…

Q: The girl is focusing a slide and she is turning the coarse adjustment knob up toward the slide.  A.…

A: An optical microscope has the following parts:- A stage for placing the slide A set of objective…

Q: What is the most likely mode of inheritance? b) If this were a pedigree you did NOT want to…

A: * There are four types of pedigree. They are  X linked recessive X linked dominant Y linked…

Q: Compared to a protein with a low Km, a protein with a high Km possess ________ for the substrate.…

A: Enzymes are proteins and are basically catalyst that increases the rate of reaction. km is the…

Q: Monophyletic groups are desirable in classification as they Select one: a.reflect evolutionary…

A: Monophyletic group has all descendants taxons from a single common ancestor.  Classification is…

Q: explain why the cell membrane must be partially permeable

A: Introduction In biology, a cell is a fundamental membrane-bound entity that houses the building…

Q: In a combination of excitatory or inhibitory synaptic connections the following is true it is poorly…

A: The Stretch reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex with direct connections between the…

Q: Describe the changes in innate immunity due to immunosenescence.

A: It is our immune system that protects our body against infections and diseases. It regulates wound…

Q: What is Chemical Pollution and how can we prevent it?

A: Any undesirable, harmful, poisonous particle in the air is called pollution. These particles are…

Q: Is protein a tertiary structure?

A: Introduction: Protein is a crucial macronutrient found in all living things . In our muscles, bones,…

Q: 11. Vitamin B12: coenzyme form, functional groups, mechanism of action, biological role, sources,…

A: A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism requires in…

Q: 1. Why do you need to keep your sample on ice during the sonication steps?

A: According to the answering guidelines I'm going to answer 1st question only. Please post the 2nd…

Q: cell membrane endomembrane system cytoskeleton enzymes mitochondria nucleus [Choose ] [Choose ]…

A: Eukaryotes - Eukaryotes are organisms whose cell contains membrane-bound cell organules like the…

Q: , 12) In Figure 1 to the right, a semi-permeable membrane separates sugar solution from pure water.…

A: Introduction  A semipermeable membrane is one that permits some molecules or ions to pass through it…

Q: Why is it important for the sperm in internally fertilizing animals to undergo acrosome reaction at…

A: The fusion of male and female gametes resulting in the formation of deployed zygote. It ultimately…

Q: 6. When comparing genes that are conserved between species, the exons are more likely to be related…

A: Exons are nucleic acid coding sequences that are found in mRNA. Introns are non-coding sequences…

Q: Outgroups are used to polarsise characters. Select one: True or False

A: Introduction: Cladograms are tree-like diagrams that can be used to show the links between creatures…

Q: The endplate potential is produced by ) too spread Na* channels simultaneous flow of Na* and K ions…

A: End plate potentials (EPPs) can be explained as the voltages which cause depolarization of the…

Q: Which of the following processes and or mechanisms of evolution violate the assumptions of…

A: A population must satisfy five key suppositions in order to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, or a…

Q: In one sentence each, identify the similarities and the differences between artificial selection and…

A: Any accumulated or cumulative change in an organism's or population's features over a long period of…

Q: 4 lines of evidence for evolution are presented (population, gene pool, allele…

A: Population:  According to the biological species concept "a group of potentially interbreeding…

Q: Construct a cladogram from the data below. Four Limbs X X Animals Frog Rodent Lizard Gorilla Fish…

A: Cladograms are branching structures that resemble trees and illustrate the shared links between two…

Q: If one extreme phenotype makes up most of a population after directional selection, what happened to…

A: Natural selection is a selective force acting against an organism to reproduce and survive because…

Q: Which of the following systems is predominantly stimulated by nicotine action in parasympathetic…

A: Introduction: The smooth and cardiac muscles are innervated by the nerves that make up the ANS. The…

Q: At the peak of an action potential, would the relative permeability of Na be higher than K? Which…

A: Generation of nerve impulse in nerve  fibres depends upon distribution of sodium and potassium in…

Q: Hoe many organelles does Eukaryote cells have?

A: Ans: Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. And there are millions of cells  present in…

Q: Which events or functions in the respiratory system are easily measured by the ergonomist and can be…

A: Ergonomists make sure that the layouts of machines, systems, and buildings offer the greatest…

Q: In an anaerobic environment, facultative anaerobes use what kind of pathway to produce ATP?…

A: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is used by organisms to drive cellular processes and synthesis of…

Q: Which of the following is true of mitchondria and plastid evolution in Eukaryotes Plastids evolved…

A: Mitochondria A organelle of eukaryotic cell that performs the function of respiration.

Q: Which of the following would be the least desirable model species to learn how proteasomes govern…

A: Proteosomes are Special cell organelles which along with ubiquitin form a complex that is involved…

Q: What is the importance of the aseptic technique?

A: Microbes are the tiny , microscopic organisms that cannot be visualise as such through naked eyes .…

Q: What is the purpose of each reagent in gram-staining? Primary stain Mordant Decolorizing agent…

A: Christian Gram devised this approach to discriminate between two kinds of bacteria based on their…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.