The following are the assumptions of the Modigliani and Miller approach, EXCEPT A. Investors think logically B. Dividends are fully declared C. Capital Markets are Perfect D. No corporate taxes exist
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The following are the assumptions of the Modigliani and Miller approach, EXCEPT
A. Investors think logically
B. Dividends are fully declared
C. Capital Markets are Perfect
D. No corporate taxes exist
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- Which of the following statements is correct? a. As Modigliani and Miller made clear in their original work, capital structure does not matter in perfect capital markets. Thus, if capital structure does matter, then it must stem from a market imperfection. b. Because corporations pay taxes on their profits after interest payments are deducted, interest expenses increase the amount of corporate tax firms must pay. c. To determine the loss due the leverage for the value of the firm, we must compute the present value of the stream of future interest tax shields the firm will receive minus the stream of future dividends. d. By increasing the amount paid to debt holders through interest payments, the amount of the pre-tax cash flows that must be paid as taxes increases. e. In general, the gain to lenders from the tax deductibility of interest payments is referred to as the interest tax benefit.According to Modigliani and Miller, a firm's dividend policy is irrelevant: if the financial markets are inefficient if the financial markets are perfect if the financial markets are efficient if all investors are rational because dividends are discretionaryThe MM irrelevance capital structure theory proved that a firm’s value is unaffected by its capital structure.But their study was based on all of the following strong assumptions excluding: a. There are no brokerage costs. b. There are no corporate taxes and personal taxes. c. There are bankruptcy costs and agency costs. d. There is no asymmetric information problem, and all investors can borrow at the same rate as corporations.
- To what extent do you feel the company’s dividend policies support or hinder their strategies? For example, if the company is attempting to grow, are they retaining and reinvesting their earnings rather than distributing them to investors through dividends? Be sure to substantiate your claims.Which of the following is not an assumption made by Modigliani and Miller in relation to the independence hypothesis concerning capital structure?a. No taxesb. There are no bankruptcy costsc. Equal borrowing rates for individual and businessesd. There is imperfect informatione. All of the above are assumptions made by Modigliani and Miller under the independence hypothesisInvestors who wish to avoid paying taxes in the present are typically . A. low-dividend clientele B. high-dividend clientele C. drawn to firms that have erratic dividend policies D. none of the above
- Under Modigliani and Miller's assumption of perfect capital markets, which of the following is NOT CORRECT? A) The proper WACC equation under perfect capital markets is the "pre-tax" WACC B) Taxes are irrelevant C) Reducing the debt ratio can cause the cost of debt and the cost of equity to decline, even as the WACC stays the same. D) The WACC does not change as the weights of debt and equity change E) Bankruptcy costs reduce the amount bondholders receive when bankruptcy occursThe Nobel Prize-winning Modigliani & Miller Theory states that a firm’s capital structure does not matter. It is based on three key assumptions: No income taxes Equal borrowing cost- individuals can borrow at the same interest rate as corporations. Perfect markets: There are no bankruptcy, transaction, contracting, or agency costs. Are these assumptions reasonable? What are the implications if the assumptions do not hold?The Miller’s model proved that a firm’s value is unaffected by its capital structure. But their study was based on some assumptions that: _____ There are no personal taxes. There are no corporate taxes. There are no corporate taxes and personal taxes. There are corporate taxes and personal taxes.
- Please answer the following follow up questions Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. Support your answers with the relevant explanations. d) The higher the proportion of equity in a company’s overall capital structure, thehigher return required by its debtholders. (Explain your reasoning – in yourexplanation, provide a numerical example supporting your answer.) e) In the presence of corporate taxes, a company would prefer to raise debt onlywhen the benefits of the tax shield fully offset the cost of debt. (Explain yourreasoning – in your explanation, provide a numerical example supporting youranswer.) f) In the presence of bankruptcy risk, the cost of capital of a company with debt is always higher than the cost of capital of an unlevered company. (Explain yourreasoning – in your explanation, provide a numerical example supporting youranswer.)To what extent does the company’s dividend policies support or hinder their strategies? For example, if the company is attempting to grow, are they retaining and reinvesting their earnings rather than distributing them to investors through dividends? Be sure to substantiate claims.According to Modigliani and Miller Proposition II: A. WACC curve is flat and hence no optimal capital structure exists B. WACC curve is upward slopping , indicating the equity financing exclusively being the optimal capital structure of a company C. WACC curve is downward slopping, hence the perfect capital structure is 100% debt D. An optimal capital structure exists as it is the balance between the tax benefit and the bankruptcy costs