The following payoff table provides profits based on various possible decision alternatives and various levels of demand. ALTERNATIVE DEMAND LOW MEDIUM HIGH Alternative 1 40 80 150 Alternative 2 80 120 130 Alternative 3 100 100 100 a. Which alternative should be chosen using the equally likely decision criterion? b. Set-up the opportunity loss table. c. Which alternative should be chosen using the minimax regret criterion?

The following payoff table provides profits based on various possible decision alternatives and various levels of demand. ALTERNATIVE DEMAND LOW MEDIUM HIGH Alternative 1 40 80 150 Alternative 2 80 120 130 Alternative 3 100 100 100 a. Which alternative should be chosen using the equally likely decision criterion? b. Set-up the opportunity loss table. c. Which alternative should be chosen using the minimax regret criterion?

Practical Management Science

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337406659

Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Publisher:WINSTON, Wayne L.

Chapter9: Decision Making Under Uncertainty

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 46P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Play Things is developing a new Lady Gaga doll. The company has made the following assumptions: The doll will sell for a random number of years from 1 to 10. Each of these 10 possibilities is equally likely. At the beginning of year 1, the potential market for the doll is two million. The potential market grows by an average of 4% per year. The company is 95% sure that the growth in the potential market during any year will be between 2.5% and 5.5%. It uses a normal distribution to model this. The company believes its share of the potential market during year 1 will be at worst 30%, most likely 50%, and at best 60%. It uses a triangular distribution to model this. The variable cost of producing a doll during year 1 has a triangular distribution with parameters 15, 17, and 20. The current selling price is 45. Each year, the variable cost of producing the doll will increase by an amount that is triangularly distributed with parameters 2.5%, 3%, and 3.5%. You can assume that once this change is generated, it will be the same for each year. You can also assume that the company will change its selling price by the same percentage each year. The fixed cost of developing the doll (which is incurred right away, at time 0) has a triangular distribution with parameters 5 million, 7.5 million, and 12 million. Right now there is one competitor in the market. During each year that begins with four or fewer competitors, there is a 25% chance that a new competitor will enter the market. Year t sales (for t 1) are determined as follows. Suppose that at the end of year t 1, n competitors are present (including Play Things). Then during year t, a fraction 0.9 0.1n of the company's loyal customers (last year's purchasers) will buy a doll from Play Things this year, and a fraction 0.2 0.04n of customers currently in the market ho did not purchase a doll last year will purchase a doll from Play Things this year. Adding these two provides the mean sales for this year. Then the actual sales this year is normally distributed with this mean and standard deviation equal to 7.5% of the mean. a. Use @RISK to estimate the expected NPV of this project. b. Use the percentiles in @ RISKs output to find an interval such that you are 95% certain that the companys actual NPV will be within this interval.
Zaki has been thinking about starting his own petrol station. He’s problem is to decide how large his petrol station should be. The annual return that will be achieved depends on whether the economy is good, fair, or poor. A payoff table has been constructed to illustrate this situation: (Business Quantitative Analysis) Determine using the best investment using the following decision criteria: a) Maximax criterion b) Maximin criterion c) Equally Likely criterion d) Minimax Regret criterion The probabilities of good market, average market, and poor market are 0.4, 0.5, and 0.1 respectively. Construct an expected opportunity loss table. Using minimum EOL as the decision criterion, determine the best alternative
In the environment of increased competition, a fitness club executive is considering the purchase of additional equipment. His alternatives, outcomes, and payoffs (profits) are shown in the following table: (a). If the executive is an optimistic decision maker, which alternative will he likely choose? (b). if the executive is a pessimistic decision maker, which alternative will he likely choose? (c). Market research suggests the chance of a favorable market for fitness clubs is 76%. If the executive uses this analysis, which alternative will he likely choose? I have provided the data table for the problem.
In the environment of increased competition, a fitness club executive is considering the purchase of additional equipment. His alternatives, outcomes, and payoffs (profits) are shown in the following table: (a). If the executive is an optimistic decision maker, which alternative will he likely choose? (b). if the executive is a pessimistic decision maker, which alternative will he likely choose? (c). Market research suggests the chance of a favorable market for fitness clubs is 76%. If the executive uses this analysis, which alternative will he likely choose? Please provide an excel sheet with calculations as well
Dwayne Whitten, president of Whitten Industries, is considering whether to build a manufacturing plant in north Texas. His decision is summarized in the following table: Alternatives Favorable Market Unfavorable Market Build large plant $400,000 −$300,000 Build small plant $120,000 −$15,000 Don't Build $0 $0 Market Probability 0.40 0.60 a) The correct decision tree for Dwayne is shown in Figure ____ (all payoffs are in thousands). b) To maximize the return, Dwayne's decision should be to ______ . c) For Dwayne, the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) = $___________ (enter your answer as a whole num
The following payoff table provides profits based on various possible decision alternatives adn various levels of demand at Robert Klassan's print shop: decision low high alt 1 $10,000 $36,000 alt 2 $6,000 $38,000 alt 3 -$2500 $52,000 The probability of low demand is 0.40 whereas the probability of high demand is 0.60. a) The alternative that provides Robert the greatest expected monetary value is _________ The EMV for this decision is $_______ b) The expected value with perfect information (EVwPI)= $______ c) The expected value of perfect information (EVPI) for Robert= $________
The following payoff table shows a profit for a decision analysis problem with two decision alternatives and three states of nature. In order to get full credit, show your all work done step by step including cell calculations using excel functions. State of Nature Decion Alternatives s1 s2 s3 d1 250 100 50 d2 100 75 100 a) Construct a decision tree for this problem. b) Suppose that the decision-maker obtains the probabilities P(s1)=0.65, P(s2)=0.15, and P(s3)=0.20. Use the expected value approach to determine the optimal decision.
A payoff table is given as: S1 S2 S3 D1 250 750 500 D2 300 -250 1200 D3 500 500 600 (a) What choice should be made by the optimistic decision maker? (b) What choice should be made by the conservative decision maker? (c) What decision should be made under minimal regret? (d) If the probabilities of d1, d2, and d3 are .2, .5, and .3, respectively, then what choice should be made under expected value?
A landlord can either lease for one or two years or sell offices outrightly for K100 million with payoffs as follows: Lease -100 50 150 Sell 100 100 100 The probability of rejecting is 30%, leasing for one year is 50% and for two years 20%. Required: What is the optimal decision strategy if perfect information were available? What is the expected value of perfect information? A decision maker is looking to minimising costs through three alternative decisions a1 , b2 and c3 under two states of nature/events S1 and S2 with S1 having a probability of 30% . For a1 payoffs for s1 K100 million and s2 K540 million For a2 payoff for s1 K150 million and s2 –K50 million For a3 payoff for s1 K350 million and s2 K320 million Required: Find EMV and recommend the course of action Find the…
Robert Ragsdale is trying to decide if he should purchase repair and replacement insurance on a new laptop computer that he is planning to purchase. The policy costs $400.00 at the time of purchase, and over the next three years will replace the laptop if it is stolen or repair it if it is broken. The following table contains the total costs of this decision. Which alternative is best, according to each of the following decision criteria? Maximin Maximax Laplace Minimax regret
Exhibit 20-2Below is a payoff table involving three states of nature and two decision alternatives. Decision States of Nature Alternative s1 s2 s3 A 80 45 –20 B 40 50 15 P(s1) = .1, P(s2) = .6, and P(s3) = .3.Refer to Exhibit 20-2. The expected value of the best alternative equals _____. a. 12 b. 38.5 c. 29 d. 105
A graph that helps decision makers use probability theory by showing the expected values of decisions in varying circumstances is known as a(n) a. Gantt chart b. probability curve c. bar graph d. decision tree In the rational model of decision making, evaluation of alternatives a. is the last step. b. should be as objective as possible. c. can only be done with the help of a decision tree. d. is the only step that requires subjective rationality