The kidney has an unusually large demand for glutamine andglutamate. How does the metabolism of these compoundshelp maintain pH balance?
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The kidney has an unusually large demand for glutamine and
glutamate. How does the
help maintain pH balance?
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- Reduced blood flow through the kidneys for a long timewill have what effect on serum pH? Why?Why would lipoid acid deficiency lead to metabolic acidosis in a human?If uremia is untreated or if complications occur, metabolicacidosis can become decompensated. What change occursin serum pH at this point, and what is the effect on overallcell metabolism in the body?
- How do kidneysparticipate in the regulation ofthe acid-basic equilibrium ofthe body? How are alkalosisand acidosis respectivelycorrected by the kidneys?Suppose a pregnant woman with severe morning sickness has been vomitingsteadily for several days. How will her loss of stomach acid affect the pH of her body fluids? Explain.A high fever is likely to cause deep, rapid respirations,excessive perspiration, and higher metabolic rate. Howwould this affect the fluid and electrolyte balance in thebody?
- State the implication of a high value of NPN in blood and urine. What does the amount of urea, ammonia, and creatinine in the urine tell us about renal function? Which food substances can lead to an increased value of NPN in the blood?After eating an undercooked hamburger, a twenty-five-yearold male developed diarrhea due to infection with a strain of Escherichia coli that produces a shigatoxin. How would this affect his blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?How would the lungs and kidneys respond to theingestion of large quantities of antacids?
- Ammonia, NH3, and ammonium ion, NH4+, are both soluble in water and could be easily excreted in the urine. Why does the body convert them to urea rather than excreting them directly?Why do the kidneys attempt to reclaim the glucose for the body instead of spilling it into the urine?drugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics work by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the kidney. what effect would these drugs have on the amount of urine produced, on the blood pressure, and on potassium ion concentration in the blood? could these drugs have a negative impact on the acid-base balance of the body? explain.