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Why do mammals convert ammonia to urea rather than simply excreting it, as fish do?
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- Ammonia, NH3, and ammonium ion, NH4+, are both soluble in water and could be easily excreted in the urine. Why does the body convert them to urea rather than excreting them directly?The kidney has an unusually large demand for glutamine andglutamate. How does the metabolism of these compoundshelp maintain pH balance?Why do mammals excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of urea rather than ammonia or uric acid?
- explain why some desert animals excrete uric acid rather than ammoniaWhy does the body convert NH4 + to urea for excretion?Some animals living in water excrete nitrogen as ammonia. Land animals, which must conserve water, excrete urea or uric acid. How does excretion of these molecules aid in water conservation?
- Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?Why can’t humans simply excrete waste nitrogen atoms asammonia rather than utilize the energetically expensive process of urea synthesis?Production of any sort of nitrogenous waste other than ammonia costs energy. Name at least three distinctly different advantages an animal might gain by investing in production of urea or uric acid.
- State the implication of a high value of NPN in blood and urine. What does the amount of urea, ammonia, and creatinine in the urine tell us about renal function? Which food substances can lead to an increased value of NPN in the blood?The nephron reabsorbs glucose through a sodium / glucose transporter. What sort of transporter is it?Why are the bicarbonate and phosphate buffers the main buffers in the blood and cells, respectively, and not vice versa?