The level of concentration of sulfur oxides (SOX) in the exhaust gases from glass furnaces is determined by the sulfur content of the fuel and the sulfite/sulfate/sulfide content of the raw materials, especially the incorporation of sodium or calcium sulfate for glass oxidation. The fining chemical Na2SO4, which is applied to batches of silicate glass, has been identified as a source of SOx and a contributory emission. The interaction of Na2SO4 with carbon determines how it decomposes in batches of silicate glass. For the breakdown experiments with Na2SO4 and Na2SO4 + C, inert and O2-rich atmospheres are utilized. Na2SO4 alone has been demonstrated to decompose at roughly 1100°C. Carbon promotes decomposition at lower temperatures due to the presence of lower-temperature breakdown zones at 500°C in O2 and 850°C in N2. SOx are released in 02 at temperatures as low as 500°C. SO(g) and SO2(g) are byproducts of 02 decomposition. SO2(g) is the sole breakdown product of N2. The SO(g) concentration for Na2SO4 + C in O2 at 500 °C is 230 ppmV, and the SO/SO2 peak ratio is 1.23. To explain how Na2SO4 decomposes, a surface

The level of concentration of sulfur oxides (SOX) in the exhaust gases from glass furnaces is determined by the sulfur content of the fuel and the sulfite/sulfate/sulfide content of the raw materials, especially the incorporation of sodium or calcium sulfate for glass oxidation. The fining chemical Na2SO4, which is applied to batches of silicate glass, has been identified as a source of SOx and a contributory emission. The interaction of Na2SO4 with carbon determines how it decomposes in batches of silicate glass. For the breakdown experiments with Na2SO4 and Na2SO4 + C, inert and O2-rich atmospheres are utilized. Na2SO4 alone has been demonstrated to decompose at roughly 1100°C. Carbon promotes decomposition at lower temperatures due to the presence of lower-temperature breakdown zones at 500°C in O2 and 850°C in N2. SOx are released in 02 at temperatures as low as 500°C. SO(g) and SO2(g) are byproducts of 02 decomposition. SO2(g) is the sole breakdown product of N2. The SO(g) concentration for Na2SO4 + C in O2 at 500 °C is 230 ppmV, and the SO/SO2 peak ratio is 1.23. To explain how Na2SO4 decomposes, a surface

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Chlorodifluoromethane (CHF2Cl) was widely used in the compression/cooling circuits of refrigeration or air-conditioning systems. Since the discovery that such compounds (HCFCs and CFC's) released into the atmosphere were a major cause of depletion of stratospheric ozone, newer refrigeration systems make use of certain hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are degraded in the lower atmosphere, instead. Often, mixtures of such compounds are used. Suppose a sample of refrigerant gas consisting of a simple mixture of the gases pentafluoroethane (C2HF5) and difluorormethane (CH2F2) has a density of 1.43 g/L at 26 °C and 0.405 atm. Calculate the average molecular mass for this sample. Calculate the volume percentage of CH2F2 in the sample.
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