The most valid study design to determine causation between a risk factor (exposure) and a certain outcome is: ! O Randomized Clinical trial O Retrospective cohort O Cross sectional O Prospective cohort
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- What is an experiment?What is meant by the sample space of an experiment?For an ANOVA comparing three treatment conditions, what is stated by the null hypothesis (H0)? a. There are no differences between any of the population means. b. At least one of the three population means is different from another mean. c. All three of the population means are different from each other. d. None of the other choices is correct.
- Landolt et al. (A-26) examined rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mothers and fathers. Parents were interviewed 5 to 6 weeks after an accident or a new diagnosis of cancer or diabetes mellitus type I for their child. Twenty-eight of the 175 fathers interviewed and 43 of the 180 mothers interviewed met the criteria for current PTSD. Is there sufficient evidence for us to conclude that fathers are less likely to develop PTSD than mothers when a child is traumatized by an accident, cancer diagnosis, or diabetes diagnosis? Let alpha = 0.05Recent incidents of food contamination have caused great concern among consumers. The article “How Safe Is That Chicken?” (Consumer Reports, Jan. 2010: 19–23) reported that 35 of 80 randomly selected Perdue brand broilers tested positively for either campylobacter or salmonella (or both), the leading bacterial causes of food-borne disease, whereas 66 of 80 Tyson brand broilers tested positive. If the true proportions of non-contaminated chickens for the Perdue and Tyson brands are .50 and .25, respectively, how likely is it that the null hypothesis of equal proportions will be rejected when a .01 significance level is used and the sample sizes are both 80?