The negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membrane potential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of: A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration. B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins. C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluids D. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channells

The negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membrane potential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of: A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration. B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins. C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluids D. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channells

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter38: Introduction To Animal Organization And Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9TYK

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1) a) explain the mechanism of our body to regulate the secretion of ADH b) describe isotonic contraction of a muscle
The negatively charged intracellular environment and resulting resting membranepotential of neurons and muscle cells fundamentally develops because of:A. the presence of a high extracellular potassium concentration.B. the presence of negatively charged intracellular proteins.C. the high electron concentration found in the extracellular fluidsD. the presence of voltage-gated-sodium channells
6) Consider the mechanism of net NaCl secretion across an epithelium shown below: b) What is the driving force for Na+ transport through the paracellular pathway? c) What is the significance of K+ channels located on the basolateral membrane?
8. Which of the following ion transport functions must be carried out by a pump? a. transport of Na+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol b. transport of glucose from the extracellular space to the cytosol c. transport of K+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space d. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the nucleus e. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space.
1. How would you describe activity of the RAS in preparationfor and during sleep? What happens physiologically when your alarm clockwakes you in the morning?
3. Explain the steps involved in the transport of sodium ions and potassium ions across a plasma membrane using the sodium potassium ATPase.
19. If a scientist administers an electrical stimulation to a neuronal cell the most likely results will be to a. start a membrane water pump b. cause increased saturation of phospholipid tails c. increase membrane fluidity and lipid asymmetry d. activate the active transport system e. open gated channels
19. The resting potential is restored by A. Stimulation B. Sodium potassium pump C. Passive transport D. Osmosis
A characteristic of carrier molecules in a primary active transport pump is that: a. they cannot transport a substance and also hydrolyze ATP. b. they retain their same shape as they perform different roles. c. their primary role is to move negatively charged ions across membrances. d. they move Na+ into a neural cell and K+ out of the same cell. e. they act to establish an electrochemical gradient.
The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of themembrane becomes momentarily positive. b. decrease the resting membrane potential to zero. c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value. d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period. e. maintain the resting membrane potential at a constantnegative value.
What happens across the membrane of an electrically active cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualize with static images or through text descriptions. View this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) to really understand the process. What is the difference between the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what is similar about the movement of these two ions?
Assume that a membrane permeable to Na+ but not to Cl- separates two solutions. The concentration of sodium chloride on side 1 is higher than on side 2. Which of the following ionic movements would occur? a. Na+ would move until its concentration gradient is dissipated (until the concentration of Na+ on side 2 is the same as the concentration of Na+ on side 1). b. Cl- would move down its concentration gradient from side 1 to side 2. c. A membrane potential, negative on side 1, would develop. d. A membrane potential, positive on side 1, would develop. e. None of the preceding is correct.