The phrase that inflation is a "monetary phenomenon" means... O a. Increases in the price level are always associated with increases in the money supply. O b. Only an increase in the money supply can start a period of inflation. O c. A continuous rise in prices is possible only with continuing increases in the money supply. O d. Repeated supply shocks cannot drive up prices if there is no monetary validation. O e The price level cannot rise without an increase in the money supply.
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- Suppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?1.(1)Social loss is L=(u-5)^2+(pi-2)^2Philips curve is u=6-(pi-pi_e), where pi is actual inflation rate, pi_e is expected inflation by the public.If gov't is honest, then gov't best choice of pi is: pi=___(2)Social loss is L=(u-5)^2+(pi-2)^2Philips curve is u=6-(pi-pi_e), where pi is actual inflation rate, pi_e is expected inflation by the public. If gov't is honest, then the smallest social loss possible is L=_____Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?
- Assume that next year’s wage rate will be 3 percent higher than this year’s because of inflationary expectations. The actual inflation rate is 4 percent. At the beginning of next year, will the real wage be higher, lower, or the same as today? Explain. Assume that Mark gets a fixed-rate loan from a bank when the expected inflation rate is 3 percent. If the actual inflation rate turns out to be 4 percent, who benefits from the unexpected inflation: Mark, the bank, neither, or both? Explain. How does each of the following changes affect the real gross domestic product and price level of an open economy in the short run? Explain. The depreciation of the country’s currency in the foreign exchange market.1Why low rate inflation is considered necessary for economic grwoth? Oa It does not affect the purchasing power of wages Ob. It indicates that the currency is in continuous demand by the people Oc taffects only the rich and not the poor Od itact as an incentive to boost in supply in the economy 2When the economy is in Keynesian macroeconomic equilibrium, planned investment is greater than actual investment. O a False O b. True 3Government fixes the floor and ceiling price which will not allow the producers to increase the price on their wish, this is a type of. O a Physical control called price pegging O b. Monetary policy control measures O. Physical control called price tagging Od. Fiscal policy control measures O e None 4Rising output coupled with falling prices is called stagflation O a. False O b. True 5The Value of marginal propensity to consume lies O a. O to 1 O b. Less than zero Oc -1 to 1 Od. Between O to 1 6The Central Bank way to control inflation is Oa Monetary policy…Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY(1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The REAL INTEREST RATE, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1,M1 / P1, and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2,and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2. (π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3.) C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…
- Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY / (1 + it) for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The real interest rate, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1, M1 / P1 and, E1π2. B . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2, and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2, π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3. C . Compare E1π2 and π2.i neeed it in word form.. not handwrittten Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how a decrease in government purchases will affect real output, real interest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain the intuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.24. Which of the following groups benefit from an unanticipated rise in the inflation rate ? O. homeowners with foxed - rate mortgages O. elderly people living on fixed incomes O. creditors or lenders O. workers on contracts without escalator claines 25. Suppose oil prices continue to rise , causing a supply shock . If the Fed increases interest rates , what would be the long run outcome ? O. The economy returns to long run equilibrium at a lower output but higher price level O. The economy returns to long run equilibrium at the original price level and output O. The economy returns to full employment but at a higher price level O. The economy returns to the original price level but at a lower output