The potency of agonists is frequently defined in terms of their affinity and theirefficacy. Explain what these two terms mean. Use diagrams to illustrate your answer
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- In experiment，how would you approach determining the potency of an agonist to the D2 receptor？Explain phenomenon of constitutive activity, and how inverse agonists produce their effect.Assuming you have an agonist, a competitive antagonist, and an easy assay for measuring binding of the agonist, describe a simple experiment that would allow you to determine specific binding, nonspecific binding, and total binding of the agonist at a SINGLE concentration.
- When ethanol binds to glutamate receptors it operates as a receptor ______________________ and prevents cellular _________________________. A. agonist / depolarization B. antagonist / hyperpolarization C. antagonist / depolarization D. agonist / hyperpolarizationATPase is an enzyme that can hydrolyse ATP and release the potential energy stored in the phosphate bond. How would a metabolic inhibitor that blocks ATPase function affect the resting potential of nerve cells?Compare and contrast the difference between top-down vs. bottom-up regulation in a bullet-point list, table, or some other representation.
- What do the terms agonist and antagonist mean?Neurotransmitters that are either amino acids or amino acid derivatives are referred to as _____________ .When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) binds the acetylcholine receptor (a GPCR) on muscle cells, it causes them to contract. ZIGGY, a chemical analog of ACh, also binds to the same acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells, but instead causes the muscle cells to relax. For this reason, it is sometimes prescribed as a muscle relaxer. Explain in 3-4 sentences how ZIGGY could cause muscle relaxation. How can both ZIGGY and ACh bind the same GPCR? And then how can they have different effects on the cells, despite binding to the same receptor on the same cells?