the real interest rate to If the output gap is positive, the Federal Reserve will O raise; cool inflationary pressures O lower; reduce unemployment O lower; cool inflationary pressures Oraise; reduce unemployment
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- Suppose the current administration decides to decreasegovernment expenditures as a means of cutting theexisting government budget deficit.a. Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, showthe effects of such a decision on the economy in theshort run. Describe the effects on inflation and output.b. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, theinflation rate, and the output level if the FederalReserve decides to stabilize the inflation rate?Suppose that the money demand function is(M/P)d = 1,000 - 100r, where r is the interest rate in percent. Themoney supply M is 1,000 and the price level Pis 2.a. Graph the supply and demand for real moneybalances.b. What is the equilibrium interest rate?c. Assume that the price level is fixed. Whathappens to the equilibrium interest rate if thesupply of money is raised from 1,000 to 1,200?d. If the Fed wishes to raise the interest rate to7 percent, what money supply should it set?Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY(1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The REAL INTEREST RATE, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1,M1 / P1, and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2,and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2. (π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3.) C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…
- Now, consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY / (1 + it) for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate inperiod t. The real interest rate, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1, M1 / P1 and, E1π2. B . Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2, and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period 2, π2, i2, M2 / P2 and E2π3. C . Compare E1π2 and π2.Title If someone could show me how to solve this IS-LM problem that would be very helpful. Thanks! Show tr Description If someone could show me how to solve this IS-LM problem that would be very helpful. Thanks! Show transcribed image text Desired consumption: C^d = 580 + [0.55 x (Y - T)] - 45r Desired investment: I^d = 430 - 40r Real money demand: L = 0.6 Y - 95i Full-employment output: Y = 2,210 Expected inflation pi^c : 0.03 In this economy the government always has a balanced budget, so T = G, where T is total taxes collected. a. Suppose that T = G = 150 and that M = 4,320. Use the classical IS-LM model to determine the equilibrium value of the real interest rate. (flint: In the classical model output always equals its full-employment level.) The equations are: The initial equilibrium values of output, real interest rate, consumption, investment and the price level were found to be: Output = 2,210 Real interest rate = 0.97 Consumption = 1,669.4 Investment = 391.2 Price…Desired consumption is Cd = 100 + 0.8Y - 500r - 0.5G, and desired investment isId = 100 - 500r. Real money demand is Md/P = Y - 2000i. Other variables are πe = 0.05, G = 200, = 1000, and M = 2100.a. Find the equilibrium values of the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and the price level. b. Suppose the money supply increases to 2800. Find the equilibrium values of the real interest rate, consumption, investment, and the price level. (Assume that the expected inflation rate is unchanged
- Suppose that this year’s money supply is $500 billion,nominal GDP is $10 trillion, and real GDP is $5 trillion.a. What is the price level? What is the velocity ofmoney?b. Suppose that velocity is constant and theeconomy’s output of goods and services rises by5 percent each year. What will happen to nominalGDP and the price level next year if the Fed keepsthe money supply constant?c. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants to keep the price level stable?d. What money supply should the Fed set next yearif it wants inflation of 10 percent?Suppose a given country experienced low and stableinflation rates for quite some time, but then inflation picked up and over the past decade had beenrelatively high and quite unpredictable. Explain howthis new inflationary environment would affect thedemand for money according to portfolio theories ofmoney demand. What would happen if the governmentdecided to issue inflation-protected securities?10 - Which of the following depends on the demand for money, which we say just in case and for this purpose?A) IncomeB) to KeynesC) to the economyD) to interestE) Investment
- Consider in a country A: money supply M=3000, price level P=3, inflation expectation andliquidity preference is assumed to be zero to make the calculation simple. The money demandfunctionL(i,Y) =Y−200∗(r+πe). Consumption C=300+0.8*(Y-T)-20*r, investment functionis I=700-80*r, government spending and tax are both 500. (1) Solve the real interest rate and the real GDP in equilibrium. (2) If government spending and tax both increases by 150 to keep the government budgetbalance, what is the new equilibrium real interest rate and the new equilibrium real GDP.Suppose the monetary policy curve is given byr = 1.5 + 0.75p, and the IS curve is given byY = 13 - r.a. Calculate an expression for the aggregate demandcurve.b. Calculate the real interest rate and aggregate outputwhen the inflation rate is 2%, 3%, and 4%.c. Draw graphs of the IS, MP, and AD curves, labelingthe points from part (b) on the appropriate graphs.E4 Assume the real money demand of an economy is:(Md/P) = 2×Yb(r + πe)-awhere 0 < b < 1 and 0 < a < 1.a) Use the real money demand above to determine the velocity of money.b) Does the quantity theory of money hold in this economy? Explain.c) Show with calculus how the velocity of money reacts to a change in output and a changein the nominal interest rate.d) Find the income and the nominal interest rate elasticities of money demand.
