The researcher in this study wishes to investigate whether consuming chocolates with higher flavanol content improves cognition, particularly reaction time. The variable of interest is the  total reaction time of the student who consume the white and dark chocolate which is in the nominal level of measurement. The random sample of students illustrates the use of independent samples.   The p-values obtained from the Shapiro-Wilk test indicate that the assumption of homogeneity of variances was satisfied. Further, results obtained from the F-test indicate that the assumption of normality was satisfied. Considering the variable of interest, the type of samples, and the results of the test for the assumptions, the appropriate test procedure to analyze the given data is the ________   The appropriate set of hypotheses for the given objective is Ho: _________ and Ha: __________ Based on the p-value equal to 0.3037, it can be said that we have __________ evidence to say that _________..

Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
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Chapter6: Topics In Analytic Geometry
Section6.4: Hyperbolas
Problem 5ECP: Repeat Example 5 when microphone A receives the sound 4 seconds before microphone B.
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The researcher in this study wishes to investigate whether consuming chocolates with higher flavanol content improves cognition, particularly reaction time. The variable of interest is the  total reaction time of the student who consume the white and dark chocolate which is in the nominal level of measurement. The random sample of students illustrates the use of independent samples.

 

The p-values obtained from the Shapiro-Wilk test indicate that the assumption of homogeneity of variances was satisfied. Further, results obtained from the F-test indicate that the assumption of normality was satisfied. Considering the variable of interest, the type of samples, and the results of the test for the assumptions, the appropriate test procedure to analyze the given data is the ________

 

The appropriate set of hypotheses for the given objective is Ho: _________ and Ha: __________ Based on the p-value equal to 0.3037, it can be said that we have __________ evidence to say that _________..

PROBLEM 2: Trick or treat from flavanols!
Do you consider yourself a chocoholic? There are times when you suddenly have an uncontrollable
urge for chocolates - candy bars, brownies, doughnuts, ice cream, or drink. A bar of chocolate
contains hundreds of chemicals such as stimulants that contribute to a temporary sense of
wellbeing. Until now, several researchers are still studying the effects of chocolate on the brain.
Chocolates consist of particles of cocoa powder and sugar. Cocoa is a rich source of flavanols that have been
found to benefit human cognitive function, particularly attention and memory. A random sample of 90 students
at a certain university was selected to participate in a study that will investigate whether consuming chocolates
with higher flavanol content improves cognition, particularly reaction time. The students were randomly assigned
to one of two groups. The 45 students in the first group were asked to consume 35g of dark chocolate bar (high
flavanol content) while the remaining 45 students in the second group were asked to consume 35g of white
chocolate bar (low flavanol content).
For two hours prior to the study, the students were asked to fast from all food and drink except water. On arrival,
the students answered a questionnaire to report some demographic information. The students then consumed
the assigned chocolate bar and stayed in the classroom while still fasting. After 30 minutes, the students were
given a cognitive task.
Transcribed Image Text:PROBLEM 2: Trick or treat from flavanols! Do you consider yourself a chocoholic? There are times when you suddenly have an uncontrollable urge for chocolates - candy bars, brownies, doughnuts, ice cream, or drink. A bar of chocolate contains hundreds of chemicals such as stimulants that contribute to a temporary sense of wellbeing. Until now, several researchers are still studying the effects of chocolate on the brain. Chocolates consist of particles of cocoa powder and sugar. Cocoa is a rich source of flavanols that have been found to benefit human cognitive function, particularly attention and memory. A random sample of 90 students at a certain university was selected to participate in a study that will investigate whether consuming chocolates with higher flavanol content improves cognition, particularly reaction time. The students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The 45 students in the first group were asked to consume 35g of dark chocolate bar (high flavanol content) while the remaining 45 students in the second group were asked to consume 35g of white chocolate bar (low flavanol content). For two hours prior to the study, the students were asked to fast from all food and drink except water. On arrival, the students answered a questionnaire to report some demographic information. The students then consumed the assigned chocolate bar and stayed in the classroom while still fasting. After 30 minutes, the students were given a cognitive task.
R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.1T
R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.3
Shapiro-Wilk normality test
data: reaction.time
chocolate = dark
w = 0.98837, p-value = 0.927
chocolate = white
w = 0.97259, p-value = 0.3581
R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.2
F test to compare two variances
reaction.time by chocolate
data:
F = 1.3668, num df = 44,
denom df = 44, p-value = 0.3037
alternative hypothesis: true ratio
of variances is not equal to 1
dark
white
chocolate
R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.4
Parametric test
data:
reaction.time by chocolate
t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value = 0.2697
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
= 0.1349
t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0
t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value = 0.8651
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is less than 0
R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.5
Nonparametric test
data:
reaction.time by chocolate
w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.2027
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0
w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.1014
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is greater than 0
w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.9001
alternative hypothesis: true location shift is less than 0
reaction.time
12.0
12.5
13.0 13.5
14.5 15.0
Transcribed Image Text:R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.1T R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.3 Shapiro-Wilk normality test data: reaction.time chocolate = dark w = 0.98837, p-value = 0.927 chocolate = white w = 0.97259, p-value = 0.3581 R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.2 F test to compare two variances reaction.time by chocolate data: F = 1.3668, num df = 44, denom df = 44, p-value = 0.3037 alternative hypothesis: true ratio of variances is not equal to 1 dark white chocolate R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.4 Parametric test data: reaction.time by chocolate t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value = 0.2697 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 = 0.1349 t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is greater than 0 t = 1.1107, df = 88, p-value = 0.8651 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is less than 0 R COMMANDER OUTPUT #2.5 Nonparametric test data: reaction.time by chocolate w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.2027 alternative hypothesis: true location shift is not equal to 0 w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.1014 alternative hypothesis: true location shift is greater than 0 w = 1170.5, p-value = 0.9001 alternative hypothesis: true location shift is less than 0 reaction.time 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.5 15.0
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