Q: Given the complicated steps necessary to convert DNA to RNA to protein and the fact that RNAs can…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit of an organism. It consists of purines and…
Q: Ribonuclease A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA. which of the following statements explains…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each…
Q: Which statement is TRUE regarding the DNA ligase mechanism? A)the last step of the reaction proceeds…
A: DNA ligase is a type of enzyme that catalyses the formation of a phosphodiester bond between DNA…
Q: The genetic code was deciphered by experiments in which synthetic polyribonucleotides of known…
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Q: Using the central dogma of molecular biology, explain the terms replication, transcription and…
A: The functional unit of heredity is described as the gene that is made up of DNA. A gene is expressed…
Q: Taking start and stop codon into consideration, if we have an mRNA sequence with 30 nucleotides, how…
A: Peptides are peptide bonds that connect short chains of amino acids. Dipeptides, tripeptides, and…
Q: What molecules thought to have performed double duty as a genetic materal and performing catalyss of…
A: Any material of plant, animal or other origin that carries genetic information from one generation…
Q: which of the following process do not contribute to purine nucleotide biosynthesis? a) synthesis…
A: Biosynthesis of nucleotides occur in two ways - de novo pathway and salvage pathway. In the de novo…
Q: what percentage of the total amino acids in the protein would be made up of proline (Pro)?
A: Proline is an amino acid codded by the codons CCG, CCC, CCU, and CCA. Any one of these codons can…
Q: So let’s review what we just did with a few questions: How important is nucleotide order to the…
A: DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is made up of nucleotides.
Q: What do you mean by post translational folding?
A: Protein folding takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and proteins folding an important process…
Q: Assuming you have determined the sequence of a certain enzyme/protein product, how will you identify…
A: Proteins are made up of a string of amino acids the sequence of which is encoded by DNA. Each amino…
Q: Within a protein, certain amino acids are positively charged (e.g.,lysine and arginine), some are…
A: DNA or the deoxyribonucleic is the defined genetic material and it is made up of a base, deoxyribose…
Q: Explain where the energy comes from for the peptide bond formation during translation
A: The translation is the biochemical process of the synthesis of the polypeptide chain of amino acid…
Q: DNA replication does not take place in the absence of the ribonucleotides ATP, CTP, GTP, and UTP.…
A: DNA replication is the process by which a cell duplicates its genetic material (DNA) before…
Q: Considering that genes can code only for RNA orproteins, how can the synthesis of nonprotein…
A: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. They are made up of DNA.
Q: (a) Draw the structure of the high-energy nucleoside triphosphate GTP. (b) Draw the structure of the…
A: In the biological system, there are several metabolic reactions that occur that result in the…
Q: The role of iodine in the Carruthers/Letsinger method of solid-phase DNA synthesis is to act as…
A: Letsinger in 1960's targeted oligonucleotide synthesis using solid phase chemistry. Solid phase…
Q: Look back at Figure 6.3, which describes the hydrolysis of ATP. Why is ATP needed to charge a tRNA?
A: The binding of an amino acid to the tRNA acceptor stem occurs as a result of a two-step process:…
Q: RNA polymerase subunits comprising the core enzyme are a.α b.β c.δ d.σ e.ω
A: RNA POLYMERASE It is a multi-subunit enzyme. It is composed of five subunits…
Q: RNA can be hydrolyzed by dilute alkali but not DNA. Why?
A: The phosphodiester link in the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA is broken during RNA hydrolysis,…
Q: The hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates A. is required for them to act as regulatory molecules.…
A: Hydrolysis of Nucleoside Triphosphate involves cleaving of beta- gamma Phospho diester bond in the…
Q: Andrew was studying the DNA code of trout that fed upon insects. The reason that the trout did not…
A: Enzymes are the biocatalysts that catalyze the conversion of a substrate to a product.
Q: Which would be more harmful to a cell, a mutation in DNA or a transcription mistake that leads to an…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are genetic materials, which are…
Q: Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is…
A: Proteins are important for the normal functioning of the human body. Proteins are made of amino…
Q: Compare and contrast the metabolic pathways leading to thymine in DNA and thymine as a modified base…
A: Thymine is the important base pair in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). This base pair is formed by the…
Q: Transcribe the following DNA sequence into codons.…
A: Transcription is a process in which there is formation of messenger RNA from the DNA template In…
Q: why can cells not convert from protein into RNA?
A: Introduction :- Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a DNA-like molecule. RNA, unlike DNA, is a single-stranded…
Q: Draw the structure of translation?
A: The process of conversion of information stored in the mRNA into a protein is called translation.…
Q: The antibiotic cordycepin inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis. Solve, (a) Of which nucleoside is…
A: Cordycepin is an antibiotic, which also acts as an anti-inflammatory compound as well as…
Q: In what reactions do mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and hnRNA participate in and show an illustration for each.
A: Ribonucleic acid is a vital biological macromolecule found in all living organisms. It is primarily…
Q: Describe the pathway for purine nucleotide synthesis
A: Introduction: Purine is a two-ring heterocyclic aromatic compound with two rings. It's a…
Q: Would you expect tRNA or mRNA to be more extensively hydrogen bonded? Why?
A: RNA is a polymer of nucleotide where it is composed of a ribose sugar, phosphate group, and a…
Q: nbonucleotide in automated RNA synthesis. Point to the functional groups
A: In automated RNA synthesis, a ribo nucleotide is used. When we look at epinephrine signalling, we…
Q: Explain what differences or attributes of RNA vs of DNA that allow RNA to be a genetic-carrying as…
A: DNA and RNA are the two primary forms of nucleic acids. DNA and RNA are both composed of…
Q: Give two examples of translation?
A: The word translation means converting something from one form into another. In biology term it a…
Q: When Avery, MacLeod and McCarty used the enzyme __________. No bacterial transformation took place…
A: The Griffith's experiment represent the transformation process that gives us idea about the transfer…
Q: Human ribonucleotide reductase has two allosteric sites, the S site and the A site. What is the…
A: Human ribonucleotide reductase in a mammalian enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of RNA…
Q: Assuming you have determined the sequence of a certain enzyme/protein product, how will you identify…
A: A cDNA library represents a collection of only the genes that are encoded into proteins by an…
Q: Explain exonuclease and endonuclease. Give an example for each of them by indicating the reaction…
A:
Q: Explain the reasoning establishing that a sequence of three nucleotides (a triplet codon) is the…
A: The nucleotide can be defined as the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and DNA can be…
Q: The job of tRNA is to?
A:
Q: DNA is damaged when a base from the DNA chain is removed after an alkylation has occurred. In a…
A: The nucleoside is considered as the single monomer of the polynucleotide, which possesses a…
Q: Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is…
A: Any detectable, inheritable qualitative or quantitative change in genetic material of an organism…
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- Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?Consider why cells developed proteins at all, given the intricate procedures required to transfer DNA to RNA to protein and the fact that RNAs may catalyze reactions. Why not utilize catalytic RNAs instead?One of the important features of enzymes is that they stabilize transition state of the reaction they catalyze. What is directly responsible for Trypsin and Chymotrypsin’s stabilization of the transition state? (select one) a) The F helix b) Valine c) The specificity pocket d) Serine e) The Oxyanion hole
- Name the four classes of RNA and briefly explain their functional significance. In what reaction(s) do they participate?When Avery, MacLeod and McCarty used the enzyme __________. No bacterial transformation took place indicating that the biochemical nature of Griffith’stransforming factor is very probably ______. a)protease,protein b)DNase, DNA c)RNase, RNA d)lysozyme,components of the cell wall.The job of tRNA is to?
- RNA polymerase subunits comprising the core enzyme are a.α b.β c.δ d.σ e.ωAndrew was studying the DNA code of trout that fed upon insects. The reason that the trout did not acquire insect DNA is that it was dismantled in the intestine into nucleotides, a reaction catalyzed by nucleases. In this example, list in order: the name of the enzyme, substrate, and product. a) Nuclease, nucleotide, DNA. b) DNA, nucleotide, nuclease. c) Nucleotide, nuclease, DNA. d) DNA, nuclease, nucleotide. e) Nuclease, DNA, nucleotide.Suppose, you have a solution of DNA, RNA and some proteins. How can you separate the proteins from your sample solution with high efficiency? Describe the process.
- a. Do any strands of nucleic acid exist in nature inwhich part of the strand is DNA and part is RNA?If so, describe when such strands of nucleic acidare synthesized. Is the RNA component at the 5′end or at the 3′ end?b. RNA primers in Okazaki fragments are usually veryshort, less than 10 nucleotides and sometimes asshort at 2 nucleotides in length. What does this facttell you about the processivity of the primaseenzyme—that is, the relative ability of the enzymeto continue polymerization as opposed to dissociatingfrom the template and from the molecule beingsynthesized? Which enzyme is likely to have a greaterprocessivity, primase or DNA polymerase III?The hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates A. is required for them to act as regulatory molecules. B. is needed for their function as coenzymes. C. allows for hydrogen bonding of double-stranded DNA. D. provides the chemical energy needed for some biochemical reactions.Complete hydrolysis of nucleotides will yield to the formation of?