The structure of adenylate cyclase is similar to the structures of some types of DNA polymerases, suggesting that these enzymes derived from a common ancestor. Compare the reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes. In what ways are they similar?

The structure of adenylate cyclase is similar to the structures of some types of DNA polymerases, suggesting that these enzymes derived from a common ancestor. Compare the reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes. In what ways are they similar?

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: List the two components of the active Telomerase holoenzyme.

A: The ribonucleoprotein that is responsible for the synthesis of telomeric repeat sequence is called…

Q: In the: Exposure to a substance that mutates the Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Explain: (a) What is the…

A: (a) Shine-Dalgano sequences are ribosomal binding site in bacterial or archeal messenger RNA. So if…

Q: Ribonuclease A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA. which of the following statements explains…

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each…

Q: Adenylate cyclase, which synthesizes cyclic AMP from ATP, requires two metal ions, and the enzyme…

A: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.…

Q: DNA ligase has the ability to relax supercoiled circular DNA in the presence of AMP but not in its…

A: DNA ligase is the enzyme connecting two DNA strands together. It does so by bonding the phosphate…

Q: How does a disorder in mitochondria lead to diabetes? What kind of diabetes is it?And Which two…

A: Mitochondrial disorders:These disorders harm the proper functioning of mitochondria (powerhouse of…

Q: Describe the chemical differences between a ribonucleoside triphosphate and a deoxyribonucleoside…

A: Ribonucleotide triphosphate (RNTPs) and Deoxyribonucleotide monophosphate they are used in…

Q: DNA photolyases convert the energy of light in the nearultraviolet or visible region (300– 500 nm)…

A: Ultraviolet Radiations forms a part of electromagnetic spectrum and are categorised according to…

Q: Explain why aspartate residues play an important role on the active site of DNA polymerase.

A: Before getting into the answer let's understand what is aspartic acid. Aspartic acid (or aspartate)…

Q: The terminal inverted repeats of a DNA transposon or a retrotransposon bind an enzyme of what…

A: Transposons are mobile elements present in the genome of an organism. There are responsible for the…

Q: Suggest a reasonable strategy for the specific phosphorylation of the 5’ –OH group of a nucleoside.

A: Nucleosides are glycosylamines. They are basically nucleotides devoid of a phosphate group. It…

Q: Describe the two sequential reactions that occur in the activesite of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

A: This two-step reaction of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases occurs during the process of protein synthesis.

Q: DNA helicases are involved in diverse cellular processes. List four examples of DNA helicases that…

A: DNA helicase enzyme This is the enzyme that is involved in the unwinding of the double helix…

Q: DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase I catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds.…

A: The DNA replication is a semi-conservative mechanism in which the new complementary strand is…

Q: The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase generates a product that has been proposed to play a role in…

A: Ornithine decarboxylase is an important enzyme for cell proliferation under normal growth and tumor…

Q: Explain why RNase A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA.

A: RNase A is a pancreatic ribonuclease enzyme that cleaves single-stranded RNA. It belongs to a large…

Q: Adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA form dimers with high efficiency after exposure to UV light. If…

A: Skin tanning is the process in which the skin color is darkened as a result of exposure to…

Q: Why is the deoxyribose so important in dna and why is the phosphate at the 5’ end crucial for DNA…

A: Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar important in the formation of DNA. It is a modified sugar, lacking…

Q: Why is ti advantageous for a cell to expend metabolic energy to polymerize gulucose molecule.?

A: Human blood possesses sugar in the form of glucose, it is being carried to all cells as a source of…

Q: Adenylate cydase, which synthesizes cyclic AMP from ATP, requires two metal ions, and the enzyme has…

A: Nucleophile is a chemical species with more electrons. This chemical species donates its electron…

Q: Would you expect to see more or less acetylation in regions of DNA that are sensitive to digestion…

A: The histones are protein molecules having a positive charge and are found in eukaryotic cells. The…

Q: When cladosporin acts as an antibiotic working in a bacterial cell, explain the mechanism of action…

A: Cladosporin is a tricyclic octaketide that's a secondary metabolite produced by several fungal…

Q: Enediynes are natural products with potent antitumor properties because they are able to cleave DNA…

A: Enediynes has one double bond and three triple bonds. They perform apoptosis of cells. One…

Q: Which of the following enzymes has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity?

A: 5’ to 3 ‘ exonuclease activity is the ability to remove nucleotides by enzymes. The nucleotides are…

Q: You are a physician who has diagnosed a patient with a genetic condition that results in telomerase…

A: Telomere is the sequence of repetitive nucleotides present at the ends of the chromosomes. Telomeres…

Q: Explain the nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) ? How it is formed ?

A: Nucleotides are the genetic material in living organisms. They are packed in the nucleus in…

Q: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) is miscible in water because it is able to form hydrogen bonds with itself and…

A: Ethanol is a type of organic chemical. Its formula is CH 3CH 2OH or C 2H 5OH, and it is frequently…

Q: Human ribonucleotide reductase has two allosteric sites, the S site and the A site. What is the…

A: Human ribonucleotide reductase in a mammalian enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of RNA…

Q: Suppose that a mutation in bacteria resulted in the diminished activity of methionine…

A: Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is one of the important enzymes which is involved in the…

Q: Four properties of DNA polymerases - specificity, thermostability, fidelity, and processivity - make…

A: DNA polymerases are the enzymes of DNA replication. DNA replication includes the production of new…

Q: Rifamycins have been used for the treatment of many diseases, including HIV-related Tuberculosis.…

A: Rifamycin is an antibiotic used to treat various pathological conditions which is synthesized…

Q: As stated in the text, bacteriophages have been discovered with the followingbase substitutions in…

A: A bacteriophage also known as a phage. It is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and…

Q: What is the role of ATP(CTP): tRNA nucleotidyletransferase?

A: Introduction: A polymerase is an enzyme that creates lengthy polymer or nucleic acid chains. DNA…

Q: The natural sulfur cycle involves many sulfur- reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. For example,…

A: Sulphur cycle describes the flow of Sulfur from inorganic component to organic component of the…

Q: What feature of RNA would allow it to function as a ribozyme? Why are there no naturally occurring…

A: An RNA that has enzymatic activity called ribozyme.

Question

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Suggest a reasonable strategy for the specific phosphorylation of the5’ –OH group of a nucleoside.
Which part of a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) molecule provides the energy for DNA synthesis?
Ribonuclease A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA. which of the following statements explains it. a. Ribonuclease requires two active site histidines to be active but the nucleobase of DNA will form hydrogen bonds with these histidines and block their acid-base catalysis. b. DNAs have thymidine that is more stable than the uracil in RNAs c. DNAs are double-stranded and the nucleobases are protected while RNAs are single stranded d. DNAs does not have hydroxyl group at 2' position of the sugar ring to support the catalysis
The terminal inverted repeats of a DNA transposon or a retrotransposon bind an enzyme of what superfamily and what function?
Explain why RNase A cannot catalyze the hydrolysis of DNA.
What property of RNA makes it suitable for use as a ribozyme? For what reason do organisms not produce enough DNA enzymes?
The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase generates a product that has been proposed to play a role in stabilizing compacted DNA. Draw the structure of the ornithine decarboxylase reaction product and explain how it interacts with DNA.
Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) is miscible in water because it is able to form hydrogen bonds with itself and other molecules. However, its structure only allows it to form 1-2 hydrogen bonds. This is one reason why even low concentrations of ethanol in solution are lethal for cells. Based on this information, explain why we can use high concentrations of ethanol to precipitate DNA out of solution. Also, describe/predict the effects of increasing concentrations of ethanol in (and around) a cell on macro-molecular interactions (i.e. on weak bonds). Finally, it is possible to select for yeast that are tolerant to increased concentrations of ethanol. Give an example of a physiological change in yeast cells that might make them resistant to ethanol.
Four properties of DNA polymerases - specificity, thermostability, fidelity, and processivity - make these enzymes highly versatile. Understand and state what each of these terms mean.
Enediynes are natural products with potent antitumor properties because they are able to cleave DNA (page 288). Their cytotoxic properties are due tothe enediyne undergoing a cyclization to form a highly reactive diradical intermediate. The intermediate abstracts hydrogen atoms from the backbone of DNA, which triggers its damage. Draw the structure of the diradical intermediate.
The cancer drug melphalan is an alkylating agent of the mustard gas family. It acts in two ways: by causing alkylation of guanine bases and by cross linking DNA strands together. Describe two ways in which melphalan might kill cancer cells. What are two ways in which cancer cells could repair the DNA-damaging effects of melphalan?
The overall structures of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are very different, yet their active sites show considerable similarities. What do the similarities suggest about the evolutionary relationship between these two important enzymes?