The table below shows partial diploid E. coli with lac operon mutations For each mutant, indicate whether expression of permease is: • None (absent) • Basal (on but low expression) • High (on and activated expression) when grown in either lactose only or glucose only media. Also indicate the cell’s overall growth phenotype (lac+ or lac-) when grown in lactose only and why you expect that phenotype (provide “why” for ONLY THREE of the mutants). ***Recall that a bacterial cell needs at least one functional copy of lacZ AND lacY expressed at high levels to produce an overall growth phenotype of lac+ when grown in lactose only media
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
1. The table below shows partial diploid E. coli with lac operon mutations
For each mutant, indicate whether expression of permease is:
• None (absent)
• Basal (on but low expression)
• High (on and activated expression)
when grown in either lactose only or glucose only media.
Also indicate the cell’s overall growth
an overall growth phenotype of lac+ when grown in lactose only media.
| Lac Mutant | CAP binding site |
Expression in lactose only |
Expression in glucose only |
Phenotype in lactose only |
| I+ P+ O+ Z- Y+ / I- P+ O+ Z+ Y- | WT | |||
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
| I+ P+ O+ Z- Y- / I+ P- O+ Z+ Y+ | WT | |||
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
| I+ P+ O+ Z- Y+ / I+ P+ OC Z- Y+ | WT | |||
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
| I S P+ O+ Z+ Y- / I- P+ O+ Z+ Y+ |
mutated | |||
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
| I S P+ OC Z- Y+ / I- P+ O+ Z+ Y- |
WT |
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
| I+ P- O+ Z+ Y+ / I+ P+ OC Z+ Y+ | mutated | |||
| Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: | Why?: |
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