Answered: The tight binding sites required for…

The tight binding sites required for ion selectivity should slow the progress of ions through a channel, yet ion channels achieve rapid rates of ion transport. How is this paradox resolved?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3RE

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Concept explainers

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.

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The tight binding sites required for ion selectivity should slow the progress of ions through a channel, yet ion channels achieve rapid rates of ion transport. How is this paradox resolved?

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Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.
A single type of ion may pass through several different typesof channels. Explain the term with an example?
Ions like K+ cannot diffuse directly across the membrane. They need open ion channels to cross the membrane. Explain why.
What properties of ion channels allow them to generate the large, rapid changes in membrane potential?
Which of the following is the correct statement regarding ion channels? Physical deformation of the membrane cannot open ion channels Ligand-gating means that an ion binds to the channel, which stimulates its opening. If the channel pore was the right size, Na and K could both pass through because they have the same charge A voltage gated Na channel can open to allow Na movement against its electrochemical gradient
Explain how channels are able to rapidly move ions across membranes, and how they achieve ion selectivity.
The model of an ion channel is composed of five polypeptide subunits. What are they?
The equilibrium potential for a given ion (Eion) is a theoretical value. For a given concentration gradient of an ion, the equilibrium potential is the charge inside the cell required to hold an ion at that concentration. That is, it is the charge required to perfectly oppose the drive of the ion to move down its concentration gradient. So, if the concentration of Nat is higher outside the cell than inside, its equilibrium potential (ENa) must be I and if we add more sodium to the extracellular fluid, then ENa will II.
Some cytoplasmic kinases, enzymes that phosphorylate substrates at the expense of ATP, bind to voltage-dependent anion channels. What might the advantage of this binding be?
Membrane channels and carriers both show changes in protein conformation. What is the role of such conformation changes in: (1) channels, and (2) carriers?
Which of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels? They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate. They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period. They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation. They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.
Define the term ligand-gated ion channels?