The total social benefit of the CWA was $20.1 billion in 1985 and $46.7 billion in 1990. What was the MB of the policy over this time period? Answer:
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- Why are broad social indicators rarely used as measures of public program performance?Which of the following statements is FALSE? Choice 1 of 4:Cost-benefit analysis allows the scale of the activity to either increase or decrease. Choice 2 of 4:Both cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses construe the policy problem as involving some production relationship between resources and objectives. Choice 3 of 4:If the Governor asks you to find the lowest-cost way for the state of Colorado to meet a minimum required air pollution abatement level, she is asking you for a cost-effectiveness analysis. Choice 4 of 4:If the Mayor tells you he will set aside a $20 million budget spending to reduce homelessness and asks you for an analysis of what option would be the most efficient, he is asking for a cost-benefit analysis.Which of the following statements is true about the cost-benefit analysis of investments in public projects like education, health, etc.? [Select one] Group of answer choices Cost-benefit analysis of public investments in education and health is not necessary since people sufficiently invest in their health and education by themselves. In order to calculate the net present value of public investment, we should compare the opportunity costs of investments to the present value of future benefits. The cash and opportunity costs of sending children to schools is lower in developing countries than developed countries. In order to calculate the net present value of public investment, we should only worry about the cost that is incurred right now since we are not sure if and when the benefits will materialize.
- clean water is a public benefit since it is impossible to exclude anyone from drinking it, and drinking water by one person does not affect the amount of water available for others to consume. In this situation, market failure occurs because the private market cannot deliver clean water efficiently. This is because private enterprises would be unable to charge for clean water. After all, everyone could drink it even if they did not pay for it. As a result, private enterprises would have little need to invest in supplying safe drinking water. By monopolizing the clean water market, the government can efficiently provide it. The government can charge for clean water as a monopolist, utilizing the revenue to offset costs. Suggest a relevant government policy that would yield efficient outcome. using 30 words carefully explain the process through which the implementation of the government policy will yield to optimal outcome.clean water is a public benefit since it is impossible to exclude anyone from drinking it, and drinking water by one person does not affect the amount of water available for others to consume. In this situation, market failure occurs because the private market cannot deliver clean water efficiently. This is because private enterprises would be unable to charge for clean water. After all, everyone could drink it even if they did not pay for it. As a result, private enterprises would have little need to invest in supplying safe drinking water. By monopolizing the clean water market, the government can efficiently provide it. The government can charge for clean water as a monopolist, utilizing the revenue to offset costs. Suggest a relevant government policy that would yield efficient outcome. if the government implements a clean water subsidary program as a government policy. carefully explain using 30 words max for each heading, how the imposition of the chosen government policy impacts…Most governments are concerned about climate change. They have thus sought to negotiate an agreement to reduce carbon emissions. These negotiations have been difficult because governments disagree about who should bear the burden of reducing emissions. Suppose governments have the following preferences: Poor countries such as China and India believe that poor countries should not have to make further emissions cuts, while rich countries should make large cuts. The US believes that rich countries should not have to make further cuts, but that poor countries should make large cuts. The European Union (EU) would like both groups of countries to make large cuts. These ideal points are depicted in the two-dimensional space below. “SQ” is the status quo, and represents the emissions cuts that governments have already agreed to in prior climate negotiations. QUESTION: In the figure, the numbers (1 through 6) refer to the regions demarcated by the various indifference curves. 1.Does a win set…
- In this module we learned that, despite increases in the cost, the value of higher education has increased over time. How can college be made more affordable? Revenues earned by colleges and universities come from three main sources: Tuition and fees paid by students, which have increased faster than the cost of living. Support from governments at the federal, state and local levels. This support is paid for through tax revenues. Even private colleges and universities obtain funding from the government, but government support has declined at all levels in recent years. Alumni contributions. What has caused the cost of college to increase so much? (Not every college has a fancy gym or an Olympic sized pool with a lazy river.)Consider three ways of helping poor people to buy food, clothing, and shelter. The first way is to pass laws setting price ceilings to keep these basic goods affordable. The second is to have the government distribute coupons that give poor people a discount when they buy these necessities. The third is for the government to distribute income to poor people. Explain which programme is more likely to have a Pareto-efficient outcome, and explain why the other programmes are less likely to be Pareto-efficient.Which of the following statements is correct? a.) Economic analyses can often do a reasonable job of evaluating the net benefits from some re-allocation of environmental resources. Policymakers should thus feel comfortable in choosing among alternative policies according to whichever one yields the highest net benefits. b.)Basic benefit-cost analysis, as typically practiced in the U.S., assumes that the marginal value of an extra dollar of net benefits is the same for everyone. c.)All socially optimal allocations are efficient, but the reverse is not true. d.)There is always a tradeoff between efficiency and equity. A reallocation of environmental resources that improves efficiency cannot also improve equity, and vice versa.
- It is argued that a localized industrial cluster of firms can enjoy external economies by creating a pooled market for workers with highly specialized skills. In what ways can such a pooled labor market be advantageous and who could benefit? Labor market pooling can a. increase the likelihood of unionization leading to higher wages and benefits for workers at the expense of producers. b. reduce the likelihood of unionization by workers leading to lower wages and benefits to the benefit of producers. c. reduce the likelihood of labor shortages for producers and unemployment for workers. d. increase the likelihood of job retention and improved productivity among workers to the benefit of producers.What are the essential elements of a cost recovery model? How should parks be designed to meet increasing populations? And how can government rethink delivery of parks? THANK YOU IN ADVANCE.Consider two ways of protecting elephants from poachers in African countries. In one approach, the government sets up enormous national parks that have sufficient habitat for elephants to thrive and forbids all local people to enter the parks or to injure either the elephants or their habitat in any way. In a second approach, the government sets up national parks and designates 10 villages around the edges of the park as official tourist centers that become places where tourists can stay and bases for guided tours inside the national park. Consider the different incentives of local villagers—who often are very poor—in each of these plans. Which plan seems more likely to help the elephant population?