Please solve problem in the picture and show work 10) In tropical climates, the water near the surface of the ocean remains warmthroughout the year as a result of solar energy absorption. In the deeper parts of theocean, however, the water remains at a relatively low temperature since the sun'srays cannot penetrate very far. It is proposed to take advantage of this temperaturedifference and construct a power plant that will absorb heat from the warm waternear the surface and reject the waste heat to the cold water a few hundred metersbelow. Determine the maximum thermal efficiency of such a plant if the watertemperatures at the two respective locations are 24 and 3°C.24°COcean3°CPumpBoilerCondenserwTurbine

Temperature at the surface of ocean Thigher = 24oC…

the water near the surface of the ocean ren throughout the year as a result of solar energy absorption. In the deeper parts of th ocean, however, the water remains at a relatively low temperature since the sun's rays cannot penetrate very far. It is proposed to take advantage of this temperatur difference and construct a power plant that will absorb heat from the warm water near the surface and reject the waste heat to the cold water a few hundred meters below. Determine the maximum thermal efficiency of such a plant if the water temperatures at the two respective locations are 24 and 3°C.

the water near the surface of the ocean ren throughout the year as a result of solar energy absorption. In the deeper parts of th ocean, however, the water remains at a relatively low temperature since the sun's rays cannot penetrate very far. It is proposed to take advantage of this temperatur difference and construct a power plant that will absorb heat from the warm water near the surface and reject the waste heat to the cold water a few hundred meters below. Determine the maximum thermal efficiency of such a plant if the water temperatures at the two respective locations are 24 and 3°C.

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter14: Heat And Heat Transfer Methods

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10PE: Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers...

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What are the main methods of heat transfer front the hot core of Earth to its surface? From Earth's surface to outer space? When our bodies get too warm, they respond by sweating and increasing blood circulation to the surface to transfer thermal energy away from the care. What effect will this have on a person in at 40.0C hot tub? Figure 14.30 shows a cutaway drawing of a thermos battle (also known as a Dewar flask), which is a device designed specifically to slow down all terms at heat transfer. Explain the functions of the various parts, such as the vacuum, the silvering of the walls, the thin-walled long glass neck, the rubber support, the air layer, and the stopper. Figure 14.30 The construction of a thermos bottle is designed to inhibit all methods of heat transfer.
The rate of heat conduction out of a window on a winter day is rapid enough to chill the air next to it To see just how rapidly the windows transfer heat by conduction, calculate the rate of conduction in watts through a 3.00-m2 window that is 0.634 cm thick (1/4 in.) if the temperatures of the inner and outer surfaces are 5.00 and 10.0 , respectively. (This rapid rate will not be maintained—the inner surface will cool, even to the point of frost formation.)
Rubbing your hands together warms them by converting work into thermal energy. If a woman rubs her hands back and form for a total of 20 rubs, at a distance of 750 cm per rub, and with an average frictional force of 40.0 N, what is the temperature increase? The mass of tissues warmed is only 0.100 kg, mostly in the palms and fingers.
Calculate the rate of heat conduction out of the human body, assuming that the core internal temperature is 37.0 , the skin temperature is 34.0 , the thickness of the fatty tissues between the core and the skin averages 1.00 cm, and the surface area is 1.40 m2.
For the human body, what is the rate of heat transfer by conduction through the body’s tissue with the following conditions: the tissue thickness is 3.00 cm, the change in temperature is 2.00C, and the skin area is 1.50m2. How does this compare with the average heat transfer rate to the body resulting from an energy intake of about 2400 kcal per day? (No exercise is included.)
Describe a situation in which heat transfer occurs. What are the resulting forms of energy?
Can improved engineering and materials be employed in heat engines to reduce heat transfer into the environment? Can they eliminate heat transfer into the environment entirely?
(a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 L of crude oil, it the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.
Calculate the rate of heat conduction out of the human body, assuming that the core internal temperature is 37.0C, the skin temperature is 34.0C, the thickness of the tissues between averages 1.00 cm, and the surface area is 1.40m2.
Hydrothermal vents deep on the ocean floor spout water at temperatures as high as 570C. This temperature is below the boiling point of water because of the immense pressure at that depth. Because the surrounding ocean temperature is at 4.0C, an organism could use the temperature gradient as a source of energy. (a) Assuming the specific heat of water under these conditions is 1.0 cal/g C, how much energy is released when 1.0 L of water is cooled from 570C to 4.0C? (b) What is the maximum usable energy an organism can extract from this energy source? (Assume the organism has some internal type of heat engine acting between the two temperature extremes.) (c) Water from these vents contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at a concentration of 0.90 mmole/L. Oxidation of 1.0 mole of H2S produces 310 kJ of energy. How much energy is available through H2S oxidation of 1.0 L of water?
Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person outdoors on a cold night. Construct a problem in which you calculate the rate of heat transfer from the person by all three heat transfer methods. Make the initial circumstances such that at rest the person will have a net heat transfer and then decide how much physical activity of a chosen type is necessary to balance the rate of heat transfer. Among the things to consider are the size of the person, type of clothing, initial metabolic rate, sky conditions, amount of water evaporated, and volume of air breathed. Of course, there are many other factors to consider and your instructor may wish to guide you in the assumptions made as well as the detail of analysis and method of presenting your results.
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or 1W=1J/s and 1MW=1megawatt ). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second (C/s) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60105kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349kJ/kgC. (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2000C, which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 5105-kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.) Figure 14.32 Radioactive spentfuel pool at a nuclear power plant. Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)