To what do the four pairs of class sizes (very big, two intermediates, very small) correspond?

Q: What are nondisjunction?

A: A sister chromatid is defined as the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of…

Q: What do the colored bands on chromosomes in a karyotype represent?

A: Chromosomes can be defined as the thread-like structures which is located inside the nucleus of…

Q: What is a homologous pair (also called a tetrad)?

A: The chromatid is the newly synthesized copy of the original chromosome that is attached to it with…

Q: In a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous parents (Pp), what would the expected genotypes of the…

A: Monohybrid crosses – when we cross two parents for a gene controlling only one character (for…

Q: What does the expression wild type mean?

A: Genetic traits are regulated by genes.

Q: How to detect a loss of heterozygosity?

A: Step 1 The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) can also be a cross chromosome phenomenon. The loss of…

Q: With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why is adjacent-2segregation less frequent than…

A: A specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome which links the two sister chromatids is known as a…

Q: which are the two genes are said to be syntenic?

A: Genes are the basic structural and functional units of heredity. They are composed of…

Q: How can a phenotype be purple and brown, for example, at the same time?

A: A character which is distinguish physical is said to be phenotypic character

Q: How do the terms gene and allele, as used here, relate to the concepts of locus and gene pair?

A: Reproduction is one of the most important and basic attributes for all individuals living on the…

Q: what is Nullisomy?

A: Each cell in the body contains the 23 pairs of chromosome or total of 46 chromosome, half of which…

Q: How are twin studies of concordance and discordance related to pseudoalleles?

A: Genetics is the study of the functioning and main codes of variation and heredity. Inheritance is…

Q: In a two factor cross, the longest possible map distance is 50 map units.  Explain why this is…

A: By finding the recombination frequencies of many gene pairs, we can make genetic or linkage maps. By…

Q: Would it be possible to deduce the law of independent assortmentfrom a single-factor cross? Explain…

A: Single-factor cross or monohybrid cross is a cross between two organisms of a species to study the…

Q: With regard to genotypes, what is a true-breeding organism?

A: A genotype is the genetic expression of an organism, AA, Aa, aa are examples of genotypes, 1:2:1 of…

Q: What is random (independent) assortment and when does it occur?

A: Gene is the specific sequence of nucleotide in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)…

Q: How is the number of individuals in the “Expected” column for each phenotype of the Chi-squared…

A: Chi-squared tests are used to determine whether the difference between an observed and expected…

Q: What is a segmental duplication?

A: DNA is the genetic material present within the nucleus in the cell. It maintains the heredity of the…

Q: Does "end A" represent the plus or the minus end? Explain. "A" End

A: End pA represent the plus end.

Q: How is a cross made in a fungus such as Neurospora?Explain how to isolate asci and individual…

A: Fungi are microbial organisms that are placed under Kingdom Fungi. They are multicellular eukaryotic…

Q: What will be the expected phenotypic class distribution if only two genes are linked?

A: Sir Gregor Mendel was a priest and a teacher who did the famous hybridization experiment on garden…

Q: How do examples of pleiotropy and epistasis differ in terms of the minimum number of loci required?

A: Various genes can interact with each other and differ from the normal Mendelian behavior. Pleiotropy…

Q: What is Dominance variance ?

A: Variations are the genetic features present in the organisms distinct from their parents.

Q: Which phenomenon is an exception to Mendells principle of independent assortment?

A: Mendel was the father of genetics. He gave three laws of heredity. These are Law of dominance Law…

Q: Define the class-aves and its structure?

A: Vertebrates are those organisms that have a spinal cord and it is surrounded by bone or cartilage.…

Q: What does compound heterozygous mean and explain What causes heterozygous?

A:

Q: What is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this…

A: The situation of an allele or genotypes in a genetic pool (such as a community) in which the…

Q: What are the laws of segregation and independent assortment

A: Gregor Johann Mendel is considered the father of genetics for his work on the laws of inheritance.…

Q: Would it be possible to deduce the law of independent assortment from monohybrid crosses? Why or why…

A: During the dihybrid cross, when each pair of characters is independent of each other, it is referred…

Q: When a chi square analysis is applied to solve a linkage problem,explain why an independent…

A: Biostatistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the analysis and interpretation of…

Q: From the fungal cross arg-6 ⋅ al-2 × arg-6+ ⋅ al-2+, whatwill the spore genotypes be in unordered…

A: Introduction: Inheritance is a term used to describe the process by which a parent's traits are…

Q: Explain what the word nondisjunction means?

A: Cell biology is the field of biology that studies the cell’s function and structure.

Q: If d and f = 2%, what is the correct arrangement of the genes d,e,f?

A:

Q: What is independent assortment?

A: The law of inheritance was proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 using Pisum sativum (garden peas). From…

Q: What is the principle of independent assortment? How is it related to the principle of segregation?

A: Gregor Johann Mendel discovered fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on the pea plants.…

Q: What is the rule of inversion?

A: Genes are the functional unit of heredity. The genes code for proteins which are vital for growth…

Q: Draw each of the following base pairs: A-T, G-C, and U-

A: Adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine are the nitrogenous bases which are present in DNA and in RNA…

Q: What are Hypomorphic alleles?

A: An allele is a variant form of a given gene. It represents two or more variant forms of a gene…

Q: What are the steps to get R in the middle and why? How did you obtain the heterozygous parent?

A: The genes are located on the chromosome. If many genes are located on the same chromosome then they…

Q: For two genes that show independent assortment, what is the frequency ofrecombination?

A: Gene is the working part of hereditary material. The study of genes is genetics. Gregor Mendel is…

Q: Is the Down syndrome inherited through Mendelian patters? If not how it is inherited?

A:

Q: What is wild-type allele?

A: A variable form of a gene is called an allele. Some genes exist in multiple versions, all of which…

Q: What is the Characteristic pedigree for mitochondrial disease?

A: The genes located on the nuclear chromosomes obey the Mendelian law of inheritance. In the human…

Q: What are some examples of Nondisjunction?

A: Non-disjunction refers to failure of the two members of a chromosome pair to segregate from one…

Q: If the map distance between genes A and B is 10 map units and the map distance between genes B and C…

A: Map distance is defined as the distance between two genes loci present on a chromosome. It is…

Q: What are allele-specific oligonucleotides,?

A: The blotting technique is the process of transferring the DNA, RNA or proteins present in the…

Q: At the molecular level (with regard to loss-of-function alleles), explain why the ttvv homozygote…

A: In heterozygotes, the single wild-type dominant allele may be able to provide enough normal gene…

Q: If two genes on the same chromosome exhibit complete linkage, what is the expected F2 phenotypic…

A: ANSWER;- Here each parent produces 2 types of gametes, a+b+, and ab, giving the simple Mendelian…

Q: negative heterosis value means?

A:

Evolutionary lineages

An evolutionary lineage is a series of populations of organisms that descend from a common ancestor. Each species in the lineage is the direct consequence of evolutionary change from a common ancestor. A phylogenetic tree is generally used to display lineages visually. Lineages are components of the phylogenetic tree of life. Molecular systematics procedures are widely used to predict lineages.