Tomato Plants In tomato plants, round fruit (R) is dominant to oval fruit (r). Pure breeding plants with red and round fruit (FFRR) were crossed to pure breeding plants with yellow and oval fruit (ffrr).

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
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Chapter3: Transmission Of Genes From Generation To Generation
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Problem 15QP: More Crosses with Pea Plants: The Principle of Independent Assortment Two traits are examined...
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Tomato Plants
In tomato plants, round fruit (R) is dominant to oval fruit (r). Pure breeding plants with red and round fruit (FFRR) were crossed to pure breeding plants with yellow and oval fruit (ffrr).

The red and round F1 progeny were then testcrossed to plants that were homozygous recessive for both genes (ffrr) with the following results:

Phenotypes Number of Offspring
Red and round 2 255
Red and oval 290
Yellow and round 310
Yellow and oval 2 145
  1. Convert the expected phenotypic ratio from Part A into the expected probability for each of the four phenotypes and record them in the table below.
  2. Calculate the probability for each of the four phenotypes observed in the cross from the data presented at the beginning of the question by dividing the number of progeny in each class by the total number of progeny and record these in the table below.
    Probability = Number of Progeny in Phenotype Class ÷ Total Progeny 
  3. Compare the expected probabilities of each phenotype to the observed probabilities. Are the gene for fruit colour and the gene for fruit shape assorting independently? Explain. 
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