✓ Treatment with high concentrations of micrococcal nuclease (Mnase) ✓ Low Salt ✓ Absence of Histone H1 ✓ High Salt I. Individual nucleosomes II. 10 nm Fiber III. 30 nm Fiber
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The picture below depicts electron micrographs of the major levels of chromatin structure. Match each of the listed conditions with the most likely levels of chromatin structure under that condition.
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- How many nucleosomes form the “width” of the 300 Angstrom fiber, in chromatin packaging?Forming nucleosomes and wrapping them into a 30-nm fiber provide part of the compaction of DNA in chromatin. If the fiber contains about six nucleosomes per 10 nm of length, what is the approximate compaction ratio achieved?Describe the levels of chromatin packing you’d expect to see in aninterphase nucleus.
- Define facultative heterochromatinLet’s suppose you have isolated chromatin from some bizarre eukaryote that has a DNA linker region that is usually 300 to 350 bp in length. The nucleosome structure is the same as in other eukaryotes. If you digested this eukaryotic organism’s chromatin with a high concentration of DNase I, what would be your expected results?Assuming that the 30-nm chromatin fiber con-tains about 20 nucleosomes (200 bp/nucleosome) per 50nm of length, calculate the degree of compaction of DNAassociated with this level of chromatin structure. Whatfraction of the 10,000-fold condensation that occurs atmitosis does this level of DNA packing represent?
- The cisternal space of ER is continuous with prenuclear space between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope and can communicate with the internals spaces of the Golgi complex and lysosome by means of _____________ that shuttle between these structures. Which of the following experimental observations would suggest that chromosomes move by polymerization of tubulin subunits?Define constitutive heterochromatinWhat is the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin? What accounts for (or causes) the difference?
- Why does release (the rate of release of minus ends from the nucleation site of the centrosome, allowing the depolymerization of minus ends) cause the decrease of the number and length of microtubules?Give at least one example of a chromosomal structureor function affected by the following mechanisms formodulating chromatin structure:a. Posttranslational changes of the normal histonesfound in the nucleosomeConsult Figure 2. Would you consider this figure to be depicting euchromatin, or heterochromatin, both, or neither? Explain your choice.