Tree 1 Tree 2 Tree 3 outgroup A В C outgroup В C A outgroup A We have gathered some morphological data on three species of mythical mammals and the outgroup; these data are presented in the table below. Species Number of toes Eye color Tail Number of molars Outgroup 4 Brown Present 12 A 5 Blue Absent 10 4 Blue Present 12 Blue Absent 10 Now our task is to discover which of the three trees above is the most parsimonious, representing the most likely pathway of evolution. We determine the best tree by fitting the data in the table to each tree and calculating the number of evolutionary changes that are required. To facilitate our calculations, we will use the table below. The numbers in the table indicate the number of evolutionary changes that are required for each character in each tree.

Q: Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: Which of the following statements is true about cladograms? Cladograms are used to show the O…

A: A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationships between different groups of organisms. It is…

Q: yyyy W A В C D If the figure above represents two different species phylogenies, one with the black…

A: Species diversity is a term that describes a broad range of organisms living in a given ecosystem.…

Q: result in Allopatric Speciation [enter 1 for the first step, 2 for the second, etc; write only the…

A:

Q: 1) Figure 20 shows that the European otter (Lutra lutra) and the American badger (Taxidea taxus)…

A: Introduction phylogeny is the study of a species' or group's evolutionary history, particularly in…

Q: If the figure below is an accurate depiction of relatedness, then which of the following should be…

A: Phylogenetic tree - Phylogenetic tree is defined as a diagram which is used to represents the…

Q: What name is used to describe a species that exhibits the ancestral state for every trait observed?…

A: Species is a group of individuals that can mate together.

Q: This is not graded!

A: A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that depicts species' ancestral relationships. Previously,…

Q: A Lynx and jaguarundi share a more recent common ancestor than do ocelot and caracal. The speciation…

A: * A cladogram tells and shows the  ancestral relationships among organisms and cladograms were drawn…

Q: Based on cladistic analysis: a. paraphyletic and monophyletic groups are equally valid. b. a shared…

A: A phylogenetic tree is the one which is used for the determination of evolutionary relationship…

Q: Identify each of the following groups of species as a monophyletic group (clade), a paraphyletic…

A: Phylogenetic tree: - it is a diagram that helps to represent the evolutionary relationships among…

Q: Based on the phylogenetic tree, if you go back in time and look for species B, you will find that…

A: Phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic tree which indicates the evolutionary relationship between…

Q: Cladistic principles suggest that: a. All apes are hominins. b. Outgroups can help to define natural…

A: Cladistics is the method of biological classification where organisms are grouped into Clades, on…

Q: Each branching point in a cladogram (a) is called a root (b) represents a clade (c) represents the…

A: cladogram is the phylogenetic tree.

Q: If you were using cladistic analysis to build a phylogenetic tree of dogs, which of the following…

A: By descent from a common ancestor, any group of organisms is related.Cladogenesis follows a…

Q: Choose the words that make the sentence most accurate. When reconstructing phylogenies, you should…

A: Phylogenetic analysis is basically the study of the evolutionary development of a particular species…

Q: 13. occurs when members of a population that initially cupy the same habitat within the same range…

A: The process of evolution by which new, distinct species are formed is known as speciation. There are…

Q: Paraphyletic groups

A: Answer: Paraphyletic is a term used in evolutionary biology to describe a group of animals which…

Q: In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more closely related to each other than they are to a…

A: No polyphyly can occur within a paraphyletic group, because their similarity reflects…

Q: 25. On this phylogeny, which letter represents the shared common ancestor of lizards and elephants?…

A: A phylogenetic tress helps in estimating the historical connections present between species or…

Q: Given the cladogram and the geographic information, is it likely that the Panamanian species arose…

A: Allopatric speciation is caused when a particular species is separated into two geographical…

Q: A E F Which statement about the tree above is correct? D and E could be in a clade that excludes F.…

A: This phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis because they reflect the best model, or explanation, of…

Q: 7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the "Chimp"? a. It has a homologous characteristic with…

A: The answers for the following questions are:   7. The correct option is (d) 8. The correct option is…

Q: Which of the following tree does not show the same evolutionary relationships as the other four…

A: Phylogeny can be defined as a evolutionary history of an organism.It is represented mainly in the…

Q: The table below provides seven organisms differentiated with six simple characters (0 = absence, 1 =…

A: A cladogram is a diagrammatic representation of the hypothetical relationships between different…

Q: Tree 3) Use the data below showing the number of nucleotide differences in the DNA sequences of four…

A: UPGMA or Unweighted Pair Group method with Arithmetic Mean is a process of forming Hierarchical…

Q: In cladistic analysis, (a) ancestral characters are used to reconstructphylogenies (b) characters…

A: Cladogram analysis i.e., diagram of hierarchically branching is called as Cladistic analysis, which…

Q: What information can be easily shown in a cladogram? Select all that applies. I. Parent-offspring…

A: A cladogram is a graphic that depicts possible relationships between organism groupings. A cladogram…

Q: What pattern of speciation is illustrated by the development of the allopolyploid species?   A.…

A: Question - What pattern of speciation is illustrated by the development of the allopolyploid…

Q: Q1: It is a group descending from one common ancestor  A. Monophyletic B. Polyphyletic C.…

A: • Monophyletic : The taxon that includes organisms that descended from a single common ancestor is…

Q: Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, asdo extinct species U and V. A grouping…

A: On the basis of the given information, it can be inferred that a phylogenetic tree or evolutionary…

Q: A scientist examines the tree below and decides that land dwelling animals should form their own…

A: Phylogeny depicts evolutionary relationship between the taxons.

Q: "Three scientist have three hypotheses (Trees 1-3) about the evolutionary relationships between…

A: Phlyogeny represents the evolutionary relationship between taxons.

Q: Choose the best answer. Shared derived characteristics are: O a Used only to characterize species O…

A: When we think about how organisms evolve, researchers can make cladograms or phylogenetic trees.…

Q: When several possible phylogenetic trees can be produced from a data set, the most parsimonious…

A: Phylogenetic tree:Also called an evolutionary tree, it is nothing but a branching diagram and or a…

Q: To test evolutionary hypotheses, you make a phylogeny of a group of organisms based on six traits.…

A: Phylogeny is a diagrammatic representation of taxons in form of tree to depict evolutionary…

Q: Match Column A with Column B. The use of comparative genomics to infer evolutionary A. Molecular…

A: The process through which creatures evolve over time is known as evolution. Genetic variety in…

Q: A phylogeny of 5 species of birds is shown below with values for three different phenotypic traits…

A: Phylogenetics term is derived from two Greek words- Phylon meaning lineage or race; genesis meaning…

Q: How are species defined by the biological species concept? A. Populations of different species are…

A: The change in the heritable characteristics of the species across many generations is called…

Q: А. В. Identify the most accurate statement about the phylogeny below. Assume species D is an…

A: Evolutionary reversal is a backward evolution notion where species can return back from advanced to…

Q: 0. Refer to the figure shown. Species Stripe 1 2 Color R G The figure shows the phylogeny of seven…

A: Evolutionary reversal is a concept in which a particular trait from the previous ancestor is lost…

Q: B. Encircle Monophyletic groups that can be found in this tree. Angus cattle White-tailed deer Blue…

A: The phylogenetic tree describe relationship between different taxa and shows their mode of…

Q: Answer the following questions using this tree. Use the following notation to answer the questions…

A: The phylogenetic tree represent the evolutionary relationship between different organisms. It also…

Q: Rotating Around Branch Points Fishes Frogs Rotation Rotating the branches of a tree around a branch…

A: The tips of the tree represent groups of descendent species and the common ancestors of those…

Q: On the cladogram below, the letters indicate nodes and characters. What is the most recent common…

A: In a phylogenetic tree, the species are arranged on the basis of relatedness. The species…

Q: Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree…

A: A phylogenetic tree is used to show the relationship between different organisms based on their…

Q: Climate change and glacial advances during the Pleistocene ice age (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago)…

A: Allopatric speciation - is also known as geographical speciation. It refers to a situation where…

Q: 5. Birds have wings, as do butterflies and mosquitoes. However, they do not share a ca12 7 5. Birds…

A: Evolution is the phenomenon of a species' features changing over countless generations through…

Q: Below are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which…

A: Phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic representation which tells about the evolutionary relationship…

Primate evolution

Primates are a relatively new species and first appeared in the fossil record nearly 55 million years ago. They may have originated as far back as the cretaceous period. Their fossils were observed in North America, Asia, and Europe. Long before the first monkeys and their prosimian relatives developed, most animal species thrived and died. The first primates did not exist until about 50-55 million years ago, even though the planet is 4.54 billion years old and the first life goes back at least 3.5 billion years. Dinosaurs had been extinct for 10 to 15 million years when this happened.