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What is the Nash equilibrium?
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- 16-1. Two equal sized newspaper have an overlap in circulation of 10% (10% of the subscribers subscribe to both newspaper). Advertisers are willing to pay $10 to advertise in one newspaper but only $19 to advertise in both , because they’re are unwilling to pay twice to reach the same subscribers. What’s the likely bargaining negotiation outcome if the advertisers bargain by telling each newspaper that they’re going to reach an agreement with the other newspaper so the gains to reaching agreement are only $9? Suppose the two newspaper merge. What is the likely post merger bargaining outcome?Industry A is composed of three firms. One has an 80% market share, and the other two have a 10% share each. The Herfindahl index for this industry is:9.17. Number of competitors. Consider an n firm homogeneous-good oligopoly with constant marginal cost, the same for all firms. Let d ̄ be the minimum value of the dis- count factor such that it is possible to sustain monopoly prices in a collusive agreement. Show that d ̄ is decreasing in n. Interpret the result.
- One CEO justified the merger of his soft-drink company with a machine tool company inthe following manner. This is a great merger. First the products are unrelated. This out company’searnings volatility is likely to decrease. Second, our management team has proven that we are bettermanagers than the former management team of the tool company, and this we are likely to discovernew way to create and capture value within the tool company. Evaluate this explanation for themerger.Assume the laptop market has 5 participants, each accounting for 20% of market share. Now two of the competitors decide to merge, how would this change the HH index? Would the proposed deal likely raise FTC’s concerns on reduced competition? a. Increase by 400. No. b. Increase by 400. Yes. c. Increase by 800. No. d. Increase by 800. Yes.Ugly Dolls Inc. (UD) is a firm in Mytown that sells its products on a market under monopolistic competition. The cost function of UD is represented by TC = 100+10Q. Lately, because of the UD is making a big amount of profit, some firms enter the market to compete. Assume that Mytown engages in free trade in the dolls markets with Yourtown, who also faces a market with monopolistic competition. Because of this we can expect that, (a) The numbers of firms operating in this market will not change. (b) At equilibrium the profit of firms will increase. (c) The quantity of types of dolls available to consumers will increase. (d) All the above answers are correct.
- Qno3 AVAC is the only pharmaceutical firm producing a Vaccine. The Demand Curve for its product is Qd = 250 – 50 P where P is Price and Q are packs of vaccines in ‘000 Total Cost Function estimated by the firm is TC = 15 + 0.5Q where Q is monthly output. Required. a). What is the market structure of AVAC? State its characteristics. b). To maximize profit, i) What will be the optimum price and how many packs of Vaccine should the firm produce and sell per month? ii). If this number of packs is produced and sold, what will be the firm’s monthly profit? c). Using available information, draw AVAC’s demand, marginal revenue and marginal cost curves in a graph and clearly label thefirm’s profit maximizing price, quantity and profit. Do you observe any welfare loss? If so, also indicate and label the area on the graph.? d). Assume all other pharmaceutical firms in the market start producing the Vaccine and the market becomes competitive. What will…Case Study: The barriers to entry are so high in the automotive industry that it is rare to see a new entrant. A notable exception has been Malaysia’s PRGA Motors, the country’s largest maker of commercial vehicles, which about five years ago promised to become a leading carmaker in the fast-growing economies of the developing world. Comparing its ambitious plan to the iconic Volkswagen Beetle and Ford Model T, PRGA launched the Synapse in 2017. Branded a “people’s car,” the Synapse was priced at $2,000 to $2,500. PRGA Motors marketed the stripped-down minicar to first-time automobile customers in rural areas. The goal was to make the Synapse the standard transportation for Malaysian families working their way up to the middle class. The promised launch was so ambitious that PRGA could not realistically meet expectations. Production was postponed for about a year and a half, and then the company determined it couldn’t afford to sell the Synapse profitably at the promised price. The…Corpus Industries produces a product at constant marginal cost that it sells in a monopolistically competitive market. In an attempt to bolster profits, the manager hired an economist to estimate the demand for its product. She found that the demand for the firm’s product is log-linear, with an own price elasticity of demand of –10 and an advertising elasticity of demand of 0.2. To maximize profits, what fraction of revenues should the firm spend on advertising?
- An automobile industry has 5 players (A, B, C, D, E) with 20%, 10%, 30%, 20%, 20% share respectively. What is the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI)? Select one: a) 10000 b) 2200 c) 20 d) 2500 e) 100Suppose the European Union (EU) is investigating a proposed merger between two of largest distillers of premium Scotch liquor. Based on estimates from the EU’s economists, these two firms have a combined market share of about two-thirds of all sales in the relevant market. The only remaining firm controls the other one-third of the market. Economists have estimated that the wholesale market price elasticity of demand for Scotch is −1.3 and the unit cost to produce and distribute the Scotch is 16.20 per liter. Using the available information, provide quantitative estimates of the pre- and post-merger prices for Scotch in the wholesale market. In your opinion, is the EU’s concern about the merger justified? Why or Why not?You are the manager in a market composed of eight firms, each of which has a 12.5 percent market share. In addition, each firm has a strong financial position and is located within a 100-mile radius of its competitors. a. Calculate the premerger Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) for this market. b. Suppose that any two of these firms merge. What is the postmerger HHI?