Two types of cars (Deluxe and Limited) were produced by a car manufacturer last year. Quantities sold, price per unit, and labor hours are given below. Deluxe car Limited car Labor, Deluxe Labor, Limited QUANTITY $/UNIT $10,500/car 3,715 units sold $ 9,000/car 6,500 units sold. 22,500 hours 25,895 hours $ $ 13/hour 16/hour What is the labor productivity for each car? Provide two sets of figures: units per labor hour, and dollar of output per dollar of labor expense. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
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- Workers are compensated by firms with benefits in addition to wages and salaries. The most prominent offered by many firms is health insurance. Suppose that in 2000, workers at one steel plant were paid $30 per hour and in addition received health benefits at the rate of $6 per hour. Also suppose that by 2010 workers at that plant were paid $31.50 per hour but received $13.5 in heakth insurance benefits. a. By what precentage did total compensation (wages plus benefits ) change at this plant from 2000 to 2010? Total compensation increased or decreased by________ percent? What was the approximate average annual percentage change in total compensation? b. By what percetage did wages change at this plant from 2000 to 2010? Wages increased or decreased by ______percent? What was the approximate average annual percentage in wages? c. If workers value a dollar of heath benefits as much as they value a dollar of wages, by what total percentage will they feel their incomes have risen over…Consider a family where both the husband and wife work, and assume each spouse ha three more years to work (after the current year) before retirement. Following Table indicates the projected combined salary over the remaining working years if they each stay with their currentemployers. It also shows the combined salary they can expect if they relocate and change employers. Year Combined salaryat Current Job Combined salaryat New Job 1 $80,000 $83,000 2 $82,000 $87,000 3 $85,000 $92,000 Suppose the total cost of moving, including direct expenses, foregone earnings, and psychic costs(costs of leaving friends, coworkers, familiar surroundings, etc.) total $10,000. Assume all costs areincurred during the current year (year 0). a. If the discount rate is equal to the market interest rate of 6%, is this investment in mobility worthwhile?(7)Which one of these is false when compared to the relationship between marginal and average product? (a) When average product is increasing in labor, marginal product is greater than average product. That is, if APL increases in L, then MPL > APL. (b) When average product is decreasing in labor, marginal product is less than average product. That is, if APL decreases in L, then MPL < APL. (c) The relationship between MPL and APL is not the same as the relationship between the marginal of anything and the average of anything. (d) When average product neither increases nor decreases in labor because we are at a point at which APL is at a maximum, then marginal product is equal to average product.
- (7)Which one of these is false when compared to the relationship between marginal and average product? (a) When average product is increasing in labor, marginal product is greater than average product. That is, if APL increases in L, then MPL > APL. (b) When average product is decreasing in labor, marginal product is less than average product. That is, if APL decreases in L, then MPL < APL. (c) The relationship between MPL and APL is not the same as the relationship between the marginal of anything and the average of anything.hy does a measure of labor productivity—the output produced per worker– rise for many firms during recessions? During the boom years period of 2005through November 2007, the annual average output per worker was lower in U.S.manufacturing than during the Great Recession of 2007–2009 as well during therelatively low-demand years since then through 2013.Firms produce less output during recessions as demand for their products falls.Consequently, firms typically lay off workers during recessions. Thus, whetheroutput per worker rises or falls depends on whether output or employment fallsby more. The labor productivity pattern over the business cycle differs across in-dustries. If we know about a firm’s production process, can we predict whetheroutput produced per worker will rise or fall with each additional layoff?Hospitality Hotels forecasts monthly labor needs.(a) Given the following monthly labor fi gures, make a forecastfor June using a three-period moving average and a fi veperiod moving average. Month Actual ValuesJanuary 32February 41March 38April 39May 43 (b) What would be the forecast for June using the naïvemethod?(c) If the actual labor fi gure for June turns out to be 41, whatwould be the forecast for July using each of these models?(d) Compare the accuracy of these models using the meanabsolute deviation (MAD).(e) Compare the accuracy of these models using the meansquared error (MSE).
- Supposethat on January 1 2009, the TL price of thedollar is 1.40 overtheyear, inflation rate in Turkey is 25 % and U.S. inflation rate is 10%. Iftheexchange rate is $1= 1.50 TL at theend of theyear, whichcurrencyappearto be overvalued.?Explain your answer.a. Based on only the first-order condition with respect to labor computed in part a (Based on the given Lagrangian, compute the representative consumer's first-order conditions with respect to consumption and with respect to labor). Qualitatively sketch two things in a diagram with the real wage on the vertical axis and labor on the horizontal axis. First, the general shape of the relation ship between w and n (perfectly vertical, perfectly horizontal, upward-sloping, downward-sloping, or impossible to tell). Second, how changes in / affect the relationship (shift it outward, shift it in inward, or impossible to determine). Briefly describe the economics of how you obtained your conclusions. (Note: In this question you are not to use the first-order condition with respect to consump tion nor any other conditions.) b. Now based on both of the two first-order conditions computed in part a, construct the consumption-leisure optimality condition. Clearly present the important steps and…One of the common complaints of special educationteachers is that they are not allowed to teach because of all thepaperwork they are required to fill out and keep current. They onceonly had to teach, but now they have so many other duties that theydon’t feel they are doing anything well. In this case, ____ did notproduce satisfied workers. job specialization job rotation job enrichment job enlargement a narrow span ofmanagement
- 2. Models of inventory systems frequently consider the relationships among openingstock, production quantity, demand or sales, and closing stock. For a givenproduction period j, let Sj – 1 = closing stock from the previous periodXj = production quantity in periodDj = demand in period jSj = closing stock for period jRequireda) Write the mathematical relationship or model that describes how these fourvariables are related.b) What constraint should be added to produce capacity for period j is given bycj?Candy is a Year 4 full-time undergraduate student majoring in marketing at a private university inHong Kong and she is going to be graduated after the summer break. She has collected some datafrom the Student Careers and Affairs Office (SCAO) related to her job planning.According to the graduate employment surveys conducted for the last two years by the privateuniversity, the average salary earned by the graduates of her programme is constant at around$14,000. Actually, Candy is quite disappointed.In view of this, Candy is considering to participate in an one-year internship program launched by theSCAO after her graduation. In other words, she would enter the job market “formally” one year laterif she joins the internship program. Finally, with the help of the SCAO, she could get an internshipoffer from a famous marketing company in Hong Kong. The monthly salary provided by the companyis $12,000 while a good reference letter would be prepared for the interns completing the…Cowles Foundationfor Research in Economicsat Yale UniversityCowles Foundation Discussion Paper No. 2021ARE WE APPROACHING AN ECONOMIC SINGULARITY?INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTUREOF ECONOMIC GROWTHWilliam D. NordhausSeptember 2015An author index to the working papers in theCowles Foundation Discussion Paper Series is located at:http://cowles.yale.edu/This paper can be downloaded without charge from theSocial Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection:http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2658259Are We Approaching an Economic Singularity?Information Technology and the Future of Economic GrowthWilliam D. Nordhaus1September 1, 2015AbstractWhat are the prospects for long-run economic growth? The presentstudy looks at a recently launched hypothesis, which I label Singularity.The idea here is that rapid growth in computation and artificialintelligence will cross some boundary or Singularity after whicheconomic growth will…