Two unrelated species of plants were hybridized. Species A is described as 2n = 16 Species B is described as 2n 10. %3D How many chromosomes are in the hybrid?
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- Diploid vs. Haploid: Given n = 12a. Diploid (2n) number? b. This organism has a total of how many chromosomes? c. How many different pairs of chromosomes does this organismhave?This problem leads you through the derivation of acorrected equation for RF in yeast tetrad analysis thattakes into account double crossover (DCO) meioses. A yeast strain that cannot grow in the absence ofthe amino acid histidine (his−) is mated with a yeaststrain that cannot grow in the absence of the aminoacid lysine (lys−). Among the 400 unordered tetrads resulting from this mating, 233 were PD, 11 wereNPD, and 156 were T.a. What types of spores are in the PD, NPD, andT tetrads?b. Are the his and lys genes linked? How do you know? c. Using the simple equation RF = 100 × [NPD +(1/2)T]/total tetrads, calculate the distance in mapunits between the his and lys genes.d. If you think about all the kinds of meiotic eventsthat could occur (refer to Fig. 5.24), you can seethat the calculation you did in part (c) may substantially underestimate RF. What kinds of meioses(NCO, SCO, or DCO) generated each of the tetradtypes in this cross? e. What incorrect assumptions does the simple RFequation…Karl and Hally Sax crossed Aegilops cylindrica (2 n = 28), a wild grass found in the Mediterranean region, with Triticum vulgare (2 n = 42), a type of wheat . The resulting F1 plants from this cross had 35 chromosomes. Examination of metaphase I in the F1 plants revealed the presence of 7 pairs of chromosomes (bivalents) and 21 unpaired chromosomes (univalents). a. What does the appearance of the bivalents in the F1 hybrids suggest about the origin of Triticum vulgare wheat?
- While most animals cannot tolerate polyploidy, somemollusks, such as oysters, can. Although wild oystersare diploid, farmed oysters are often made triploid.The advantage of triploidy is that the oysters are sterile, so they expend the energy that would otherwise beused to make unappetizing gametes in the productionof delicious muscle. These meaty triploid oysters aremore valuable commercially than diploids.a. To make triploid oysters, researchers used cytochalasin B, a chemical that can inhibit cell division ineither meiosis I or meiosis II during oogenesis.This drug does not interfere with chromosomereplication. Explain how triploid oysters could begenerated using cytochalasin B.b. Cytochalasin B is toxic to humans, so oyster farmerscannot use this drug. Can you think of an alternatemethod that might enable oyster farmers to producelarge numbers of triploid oysters?DRAW IT Suppose, as in the questionat the bottom of Figure 15.9, the parental(P generation) flies were true-breedingfor gray body with vestigial wings andblack body with normal wings. Draw thechromosomes in each of the four possiblekinds of eggs from an F1 female, andlabel each chromosome as “parental”or “recombinant.”In a fungus with four ascospores, a mutant allele lys-5causes the ascospores bearing that allele to be white,whereas the wild-type allele lys-5+ results in black ascospores. (Ascospores are the spores that constitute thefour products of meiosis.) Draw an ascus from each ofthe following crosses:a. lys-5 × lys-5+b. lys-5 × lys-5c. lys-5+ × lys-5+
- The plant blue-eyed Mary grows on Vancouver Islandand on the lower mainland of British Columbia. Thepopulations are dimorphic for purple blotches on theleaves—some plants have blotches and others don’t. NearNanaimo, one plant in nature had blotched leaves. Thisplant, which had not yet flowered, was dug up and takento a laboratory, where it was allowed to self. Seeds werecollected and grown into progeny. One randomly selected (but typical) leaf from each of the progeny is shown inthe accompanying illustration.a. Formulate a concise genetic hypothesis to explainthese results. Explain all symbols and show all genotypicclasses (and the genotype of the original plant).Species A has 2?=82n=8 chromosomes, and species B has 2?=142n=14 chromosomes. Calculate all possible chromosome numbers for the following individuals. Not all answers will be used. Allotriploid offspring of AB - ? Autotetraploid offspring of A- ? Allotetraploid offspring of AB - ? Monosomic B - ? Uniparentaldisomic A - ? Tetrasomic A - ?A diploid species with 44 chromosomes (i.e., 22 per set) is crossedto another diploid species with 38 chromosomes (i.e., 19 per set).How many chromosomes are produced in an allodiploid orallotetraploid from this cross? Would you expect the offspring tobe sterile or fertile?
- Species I is diploid (2n=8) with chromosomes AABBCCDD. Related species II is diploid (2n=8) with chromosomes MMNNOOPP. Individuals with the ff. sets of chromosomes represent what types of chromosome mutations (be very specific)? Give the level of ploidy (in equation form) and resultant chromosome number for each plant. AABBCCCCDD (c) MMNNOOOPPP (e) AABBCDD AABBDD (d) AABBCCDDMNOPA diploid species with 44 chromosomes (i.e., 22 per set) is crossedto another diploid species with 38 chromosomes (i.e., 19 per set).What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?no need to explain i just need help if its a,b,c or d. 1.) The number of sister chromatids in a chromosome at metaphase is a.) two in mitosis and one in meiosis b.) one in mitosis and two in meiosis c.) two in mitosis and two in meiosis d.) two in mitosis and four in meiosis 2.) In a Mendelian monohybrid cross with dominance, which answer represents the convention used to assign letters to form a genotype? a.) The dominant trait is represented by an uppercase letter, while the recessive trait is represented by lowercase of the same letter. b.) The dominant trait is represented by a lowercase letter, while the recessive trait is represented by uppercase of the same letter. c.) Both traits are expressed by uppercase letters. d.) Both traits are expressed by lowercase letters. 3.) A gene with more than two alleles is said to have multiple alleles. In humans a single gene with multiple alleles determines a person’s blood type. If an individual with blood type A mates with a person who…
