Unusually high levels of Mdr1 provide stem cells with a. Nutrients needed b. Protection of their genomes from mutagenic agents c. Apoptotic factors d. Ability to differentiate
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- The Ames testa. provides a way to determine if any type of cell has experienced amutation.b. provides a way to determine if an agent is a mutagen.c. allows researchers to experimentally disrupt gene activity by causinga mutation in a specific gene.d. provides a way to repair mutations in bacterial cells.e. does all of the above.My Avya mouse is brownish because a) the CpG island with the transposon is unmethylated. b) it was feed an unsupplemented diet. c) transposon has enabled agouti gene expression. d) none of the above.In general, all mutations can be considered harmful, because most genetic systems are already optimized to work correctly and efficiently. A. True b. False; mutations are considered harmful only if they have a direct effect on the ability of cells to synthesize DNA c. False; some mutations are harmful, and some are considered beneficial
- The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by: A. a chemical mutagen B. DNA polymerase C. snRNPs D. Photolyases E. UV radiationMutations ________. a. are always bad b. have variable impacts c. are usually beneficialThe drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of: a. Mdr1 b. Muc2 c. MMR d. CYPs
- Why do stem cells that have been damaged prefer apoptosis over repairing the genome? a. Stem cells cannot repair the damaged genome b. The repair machinery is not perfect and therefore prone to make mistakes c. They don't d. None of the aboveWhich of the following can lead to cancer?a. smokingb. pollutionc. mutations of Rb and p53d. All of the above.The results of the treatment of 20 boys with SCID-X1 showed that ____. a. the “treatment” caused numerous unforeseen complications. b. a bone marrow transplant can cure SCID-X1 c. SCID-X1 can be cured through genetic engineering d. none of those treated were cured of the disease e. our understanding of the human genome exceeds our ability to modify it
- What might best explain why the incidence of cancer increases as people age? Select one: a. mutations accumulate as people age b. cell division increases as people age c. protein synthesis increases as people age d. telomerase activity increases as people age e. ATP production increases as people ageWhen using gene therapy to treat an hereditary disease, the idea is to: A. Introduce the correct gene into the patient's DNA B. Inject the patient with a specific protein to cure the disease. C. Blood transfusions from healthy individuals. D. ntroduce mRNA molecules with the correct genetic information to the patient. E. Introduce a virus to the patient that will specifically destroy mutated cells.CRISPR is a powerful gene editing tool because a. the programmable enzyme (Cas9) can find an exact sequence and make a cut at precise nucleotide. b. it can be applied to all types of cells. c. it has both genetic editing and epigenetic functions. d. it is inexpensive. e. all of these are correct
