uring World War I and World War II, the U.S. government spent large sums of money on the war effort. Following both of these periods, the nited States experienced double-digit inflation. he following diagram shows the aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) curves for the United States before the inflationary period. hift one of the curves to illustrate the primary cause of the inflation described in the preceding paragraph. (?)
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- Review the problem in the Work It Out titled Interpreting the AD/AS Model. Like the information provided in that feature, Table 24.2 shows information on aggregate supply, aggregate demand, and the price level for the imaginary country of Xurbia. Plot the AD/AS diagram from the data. Identify the equilibrium. Imagine that, as a result of a government tax cut, aggregate demand becomes higher by 50 at every price level. Identify the new equilibrium. How will the new equilibrium alter output? How will it alter the price level? What do you think will happen to employment?The imaginary country of Harris Island has the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves as Table 24.3 shows. Plot the AD/AS diagram. Identify the equilibrium. Would you expect unemployment in this economy to be relatively high or low? Would you expect concern about inflation in this economy to be relatively high or low? Imagine that consumers begin to lose confidence about the state of the economy, and so AD becomes lower by 275 at every price level. Identify the new aggregate equilibrium. How will the shift in AD affect the original output, price level, and employment?The imaginary country of Jasa Island has the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves given in the table below. Price level Aggregate demand Aggregate supply 100 700 200 120 600 325 140 500 500 160 400 570 180 300 620 REQUIREMENTS: Plot an AD/AS diagram from the data above. Identify the equilibrium. Would you expect unemployment in this economy to be relatively high or low? Would you expect concern about inflation in this economy to be relatively high or low? Imagine that consumers begin to lose confidence about the state of the economy, so AD…
- Using aggregate demand and aggregate supply, graph the effects on the price level and GDP of each of the following. Draw a large graph and label all axes, initial and final equilibrium points, direction of shift if any, all curves and lines, equilibrium values on the x- and y-axes. State the conclusion in words. a. A cut in income taxes b. An increase in military spending c. A drop in export demand by foreign purchasers d. An increase in imports e. A decline in business investment spendingSuppose the inflation rate remains relatively constantwhile output decreases and the unemployment rateincreases. Using an aggregate demand and supplygraph, show how this scenario is possibleShould the government use monetary and fiscal policy in an effort to stabilize the economy? The following questions address the issue of how monetary and fiscal policies affect the economy, as well as the pros and cons of using these tools to combat economic fluctuations. The following graph plots hypothetical aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (AS), and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves for the U.S. economy in February 2026. Suppose the government chooses to intervene in order to return the economy to the natural level of output by using (an expansionary/a contractionary) policy. Depending on which curve is affected by the government policy, shift either the AS curve or the AD curve to reflect the change that would successfully restore the natural level of output. Suppose that in February 2026 the government successfully carries out the type of policy necessary to restore the natural level of output described in the previous question. In July 2026,…
- Should the government use monetary and fiscal policy in an effort to stabilize the economy? The following questions address the issue of how monetary and fiscal policies affect the economy, as well as the pros and cons of using these tools to combat economic fluctuations. The following graph plots hypothetical aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (AS), and long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curves for the U.S. economy in January 2026. Suppose the government chooses to intervene in order to return the economy to the natural level of output by using (a contractionary/an expantionary) policy. Depending on which curve is affected by the government policy, shift either the AS curve or the AD curve to reflect the change that would successfully restore the natural level of output. Suppose that in January 2026 the government successfully carries out the type of policy necessary to restore the natural level of output described in the previous question. In March 2026, U.S. imports…For the previously asked question: How should the situation be rectified in order to return to full employment?Use an aggregate demand and supply diagram to illustrate and explain how each of the following will affect theequilibrium price level and the real GDP. Describe and analyze the new situation (inflationary gap, recessionarygap, stagflation). How should the situation be rectified in order to return to full employment?• Consumers expect a recession• Foreign income rises• Foreign price levels fall• Government spending increases• Workers expect high future inflation and negotiate higher prices now• Technological improvement increase productivityThe imaginary country of Harris Island has the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves as Table 24.3 shows. a. Identify the (i) equilibrium basing from the AD/AS diagram attached. b. Would you expect unemployment in this economy to be relatively high or low? c. Would you expect concern about inflation in this economy to be relatively high or low? d. Imagine that consumers begin to lose confidence about the state of the economy, and so AD becomes lower by 275 at every price level. Identify the new aggregate equilibrium. e. How will the shift in AD affect the original output, price level, and employment?
- From 1/1/2020 to 7/1/2020, real GDP decreased but the GDP deflator stayed approximately the same (thus, treat it as the same number at the beginning of this period as it was at the end of this period). According to our aggregate supply/demand analysis, which of the following must have occurred over this time frame? (Use the graph to help you see if you can determine any shift(s).) Group of answer choices a) increase in Aggregate Demand, decrease in Aggregate Supply b) decrease in Aggregate Demand, decrease in Aggregate Supply c) increase in Aggregate Demand, increase in Aggregate Supply d) increase in Aggregate Demand, but no way to determine the direction of shift in Aggregate Supply e) decrease in Aggregate Demand, increase in Aggregate SupplyThe Australia Federal Government established a AUD 2 billion grant to help sectors affected by the bushfires to get the support they needed to recover. Use the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model below to answer the questions that follow. a) Using the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model did the 2019/20 cause economic expansion or economic contraction in Australia. Name at least three sectors that were affected by the bushfires and examine the impact of the bush fires to the economy of Australia. b) Employ the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Model to explain the benefits of the Australia government AUD2 billion grant to the economy.We can analyze the macroeconomic effects of Hurricane Katrina using the aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) diagram. The horizontal axis measures real GDP, a measure of the nation’s output that removes the effects of inflation. The vertical axis measures the price level (the average level of output prices). Consider Katrina’s effect of “cost shocks” – unexpected changes in the prices of important inputs (assume LRAS is unchanged). For example, Katrina unexpectedly choked off oil, natural gas, and refined gasoline supplies from the Gulf region, placing upward pressure on energy costs. The hurricane also shut down factories and businesses, reducing the nation’s productive capacity. Therefore, the effect of the higher energy prices and reduced productive capacity is to shift the __________ curve(s). Consider how the government’s fiscal policy response affects the economy. Recall that both individual consumers’ purchases and government purchases are included in aggregate…