Use the following table to answer the questions  Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1     Calculate the equilibrium potential for Na+, K+, Ca++, and Cl- ions?  If the resting membrane potential is -65, give the direction of the flow of Na+, Ca++, K+, and Cl- ion.  What will happen to the Cl- equilibrium potential, if one changes the extracellular chloride concentration from 560 mM to 100 mM? Give the direction of Cl- flow.  What is the effect of addition of extracellular TTX and TEA on equilibrium potential?  If one reduced the extracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the membrane potential? If one increased the extracellular concentration of K+ around a neuron, what would happen to the membrane potential?

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Analytical Tools

Analytical tools or analysis tools help one to get into a conclusion or results from the data collected. Analytical tools can be applied for simple data sets and also in the case of big data analytics.