Using a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three tRNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Using a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three tRNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.
Ribosomes are sphere shaped structures located within the cytoplasm of a cell. They remain free in the cytoplasm and sometimes they attach to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. This structure is present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
The structure of ribosome is quite complex which consists of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules. They have two subunits; smaller and larger. Smaller subunit is the region where the mRNA will bind and is decoded. The amino acid molecule will get added at the larger subunit. There are three binding sites for tRNA molecule and two rRNA molecules can bind to the ribosome at the same time. Also mRNA binding site is present on the surface of ribosome. The three sites for binding of tRNA are A (Amino acyl tRNA binding site), P (Peptidyl site) and E (Exit site).
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