Using the IS-LM model and assuming the central bank conducts monetary policy by manipulating the cash rate, explain the effects of:: Fiscal policy designed to offset the impact of a decrease in the marginal propensity to consume (assuming an unchanged monetary policy);
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- conomics Consider a consumption function of C = 0.75 (Y – T). a) If government spending increases by $300 and there is a tax hike of $500 to fund thisincrease, according to the IS-LM model will the IS curve shift up or down and byhow much?b) Considering your shift in the IS curve from part a, how should the Federal Reserveadjust the money supply if they want to keep interest rates constant?Suppose the government cuts income taxes. Show in the IS-LM model the impact of the tax cut un- der two assumptions: (1) The government keeps interest rates constant through an accommodating monetary policy. (2) The money stock remains unchanged. Explain the difference in resultsExplain if, and why, you agree, or do not agree, with the following statement [when answering, assume that, in each time period, the economy is described by a static IS-LM model, with consumption and investment depending on contemporaneous variables only]:"In a closed economy wherke the central bank chooses the money supply, the prices of stocks at time t, €Qt, will unambiguously rise if, from time t onwards, government purchases of goods and services, G, go up".
- What causes the lags in the effect of monetary and fiscal policies on aggregatedemand? What are the implications of these lags for the debate over active versuspassive policy?Consider following IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25 · YD I = 150 + 0. 25 · Y – 1, 000 · i G = 250 T = 200 D M = 2 · Y – 8, 000 · i M = 1,600 P e) Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I! f) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if the money suppl increases to 1,840! g) Solve for the equilibrium values of Y, i, C and I, if government spending increases to 400 (the money supply is 1,600)!The US Government is facing major budget deficit deciding between implementing fiscal and monetary policy to boost output back to potential output. In the presence of expectations, using the IS-LM model graph the effects on the US economy from a contractionary fiscal policy? What would happen if this change is perceived as permanent by investors? Graph and explain. What would happen if the government was perceived as wasteful? Graph and explain.
- Urgentttt!!! Use the IS-LM model to answer this question. Suppose there is a simultaneous increase in government spending and reduction in the money supply. Explain what effect this particular policy mix will have on output and the interest rate. Based on your analysis, do we know with certainty what effect this policy mix will have on investment? Explain.Consider the AD-AS model discussed during the lectures. Assume that the aggregate demand curve is given by Y=8-0.5 π, that the long run aggregate supply curve is given by Yp=7, that the short run aggregate supply curve is given by π = π_expect + 0.3(Y-Yp), and that the monetary rule is given byr=1+0.3 π. Suppose the economy is suffering a decrease in the potential level of output, due to some ill-designed new regulation. According to the AD- AS model, what is more suitable to offset the subsequent decline in output, an expansionary monetary policy or an expansionary fiscal policy?Consider the following short-run IS-LM model. Assume the central bank targets the nominal interest rate and expected inflation is zero. C = 300 + .50YD I = 1000 + .10Y – 5000i G = 700 T = 600 M/P = 100 + .25Y - 6250i P = 1 i = .06 Y-T = YD Solve for the IS equation and the LM equation. Find the equilibrium and also show it on a graph of IS-LM. Find the equilibrium values for C, I, and the money supply M. Consider a fiscal stimulus: what is the impact on Y if G rises by 100? What is the impact on I in this case? What is the impact on the interest rate and the money supply? Return to your original analysis. Consider a monetary stimulus where the central bank sets a new target interest rate, i = .04. Find the new equilibrium values for Y, C, and I. Find and discuss any change in the money supply. What causes the change in I in this case? Explain.
- The monetary transmission mechanism can be depicted in the form of a graphor using symbols. 3,1 Explain, with the aid of symbols, the monetary transmission mechanism wheninterest rates increase(Note: Prices and wages are variable.) Q.3.2 Explain, using the AD‐AS model, how the South African Government can usefiscal policy as a tool to recover from the negative effects of this COVID‐19pandemic. Your answer must include the following: The description of the type of fiscal policy required; An explanation of how the implementation of this tool will work their waythrough the economy to achieve the desired effect; The AD‐AS graph showing the implications of your recommendations.Assuming that the monetary authorities hold the money supply constant, explain whythe decrease in government spending reduces output more in the Keynesian-crossmodel than in the IS-LM model.. Assume that the monetary policy curve is given byr = 1.5 + 0.75p.a. Calculate the real interest rate when the inflation rateis 2%, 3%, and 4%.b. Draw a graph of the MP curve, labeling the pointsfrom part (a).c. Assume now that the monetary policy curve is givenby r = 2.5 + 0.75p. Does the new monetary policycurve represent an autonomous tightening or loosening of monetary policy?d. Calculate the real interest rate when the inflation rateis 2%, 3%, and 4%, and draw the new MP curve,showing the shift from part (b).