vill regulate the physiological activities to make the conditions normal. Use the organs ssibly apply to these feedback mechanisms. blood vessels hypothalamus pancreas brain kidney pituitary heart lungs skin Low Body Temperature
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- Which of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.Regulation of physiological variables occurs primarily through mechanisms. a. negative feedback b. positive feedback c. urine formation d. feedforward e. myogenicIdentify the four components of a negative feedbackloop and explain what would happen if secretion of a bodychemical controlled by a negative feedback system becametoo great.
- If daytime body temperature of some ectotherms were measured, the values would be fairly constant. Provide an explanation for such observations, giving some possible mechanisms that might be involved;Make a Venn Diagram using the provided information below NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM • Most control mechanisms in the human body are negativefeedback mechanisms• A negative feedback mechanism DECREASES theintensity of the stimulus and eliminates it• When a variable is above or below set point, integratortriggers a move in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION to reachthe set valueEx. Body temperature, blood pressure, pH and CO2 levels,blood glucose levelsPOSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM• A positive feedback mechanism ENHANCES the originalstimulus to ACCELERATE activity• Integrator triggers a move in the SAME DIRECTIONtriggering an “explosive” response• Positive feedback mechanisms are less commonEx. Blood clotting, childbirth (oxytocin)Describe a general physiological control system, includingthe role of negative feedback.
- The following events occur when the body loses water by sweating.I - Hypothalamus stimulates the posterior pituitary glandII - Osmotic pressure of blood stabilizesIII - ADH causes kidneys to reabsorb more waterIV - Osmotic pressure of blood increases In what order do these events occur?Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamicfluid) to see an explanation of the dynamics offluid in the body’s compartments. What happens in tissueswhen capillary blood pressure is less than osmoticpressure?which of the following situations illustrates that a homeostatic mechanism is not operating properly? a. acute high blood pressure b. normalized blood glucose levels c. dailt fluid intake equals dailty fluid output d. all of these illustrate homestatic mechanisms operating properly
- Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitarys posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?What effect would swimming in cool water have on body temperatureregulation? What would happen if a negative-feedback mechanismdid not return the value of a variable, such as body temperature, to itsnormal range?To achieved homeostasis, the nervous system and endocrine system maintain Normal range of the following variables, EXCEPT? a.Blood calcium level b.Hormones in the cell c.Body Temperature d.Amount of water in the body