Q: Explain five ways in which chemotherapeutic agents kill or damage bacterial pathogens.
A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…
Q: List two features limiting the adaptation of nonvascularplants.
A: Non vascular plants are those plants which do not have vascular system, they lack of xylem and…
Q: Explain how adherence, capsules, cell wall components, and enzymes contribute to pathogenicity
A: Introduction :-Pathogenicity is defined as the ability of a pathogenic agent to cause disease in…
Q: What is the pathogen that exhibits the greatest resistance to heat treatment is the bacteria ?
A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…
Q: common neutralizing agents and methods used to inactivate the innate antimicrobial activity of a…
A: The antimicrobial agent is widely used by the medicinal industry to treat the infection. The…
Q: determine the microbial virulence based on the number of colonies?
A: Microbial virulence is the microorganism ability creating damage in the host, it also gives the…
Q: When might a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug be a good treatment choice?
A: broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that specifically acts on the two major groups of…
Q: If you spread one agar plate with a lawn of staphylococcus epidermis and the other with a virulent…
A: The Kirby-Bauer test: It is known as the disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test. It is a test in…
Q: List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
A: The organisms that are not observed by unaided eyes are the microorganisms. These may be…
Q: What is microbial death? What factors affect the microbial death? What aremicrobisidal and…
A: The microbiology studies about both the diseases causing microbes and beneficiary microbes, about…
Q: Describe three groups of microorganisms that are resistant to certain chemical treatments.
A: Disinfectants are some chemical agents designed to inactivate or destroy microbes. Sterilization…
Q: What are the major actions of antimicrobial agents? What criteria are used in the selection of…
A: Antimicrobial agents are chemical substance,drug or any other substance that were capable to kill…
Q: What Are Heterophile Antigens?
A: Antigens are substances that have the ability to initiate an immune response upon entering a host…
Q: What factors influence the size of the zone of inhibition for an antimicrobial?
A: Testing of effectiveness of anti microbial drugs against microbes are important in identification of…
Q: What are the 4 main targets of antimicrobials? Provide the rationale why each is a good target
A: An antimicrobial is an agent that destroys, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms. It is…
Q: How would a limited food supply affect the bacterial growth curve? The lag phase would be longer…
A: Bacterial growth curve is the number of living cells plotted against time. It has four phases, these…
Q: What are potential antimicrobial drugs in the development of an appropriate antimicrobial
A: Antimicrobial drug is a medicine used to treat microbial infections. Antimicrobial is a general term…
Q: What does antimycobacterial drug target? What does it target?
A: Anti-mycobacterial drug is the one which is used to treat Mycobacterial infections like Tuberculosis…
Q: what are the methods pf measuring antimicrobial susceptibility?? Also what is the purpose of…
A: Antibiotic susceptibility monitoring, or AST, is a commonly used tool in clinical settings for…
Q: Why are antimicrobials only directly effective against bacteria and what is the control on the…
A: Antimicrobials are agents that either kill microorganisms (microbicidal) or stop their growth…
Q: List the types of selective and differential media used to grow and isolate skin microbes. What…
A: Agar media and nutrient broth are two types of media that are commonly used for solid and liquid…
Q: Why do pathogenic bacteria make enzymes? Name one enzyme that affects blood clotting (or clots) and…
A: Bacteria that can induce disease are known as pathogenic bacteria. Many bacteria are harmless and…
Q: What are the characteristics of good indicator organisms, and whyare they monitored rather than…
A: Indicator organisms are microorganisms whose presence in water indicates the probable presence of…
Q: Can a spoilage microorganism cause foodborne illnesses? Why or why not?
A: Illness caused by food contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites or toxins are called food…
Q: why is microalgae spirulina is most commonly used to reduce air pollution?
A: Pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the environment. These harmful substances are…
Q: Why are certain gram-negative bacteria more resistant than gram-positive bacteria to antimicrobials…
A: Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by the presence of thin peptidoglycan cell wall. The…
Q: What characteristics make a pathogen or its productsparticularly useful as a biological weapon?
A: A biological weapon as the term suggests is the weapon that includes microorganisms and it is…
Q: How is the CTSA (coconut water tryptic soy agar) growth medium designed to meet the nutritional need…
A: Many different kinds of media are formulated in the microbiology lab to support the growth of a wide…
Q: What is antibotic resistance and why is it important to be aware of it
A: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria and fungi gain the ability to resist antibiotics that…
Q: What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be…
A: Introduction:- Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, and protozoans are killed or inhibited by…
Q: How does Pseudomonas aerogenosa contribute to the virulance of the pathogen?
A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium which is liable for serious infectious diseases, chronic…
Q: Name four types of antimicrobial host-derived products.
A: Introduction: Products derived from any agent that works against microbes by slowing their growth or…
Q: What structures or substances that can increase microbial virulence or pathogenicity and explain the…
A: Microbes are tiny organisms that are both beneficial and harmful to humans.
Q: What is the motivation behind the use of stab slant and surface inoculation
A: Agar slants are prepared by adding the agar media to the test tube and allowing it to cool in a…
Q: What are the reasons for the failure of antimicrobial treatment?
A: Introduction: Antimicrobials are substances that kill or cause the inhibition of bacterial growth.…
Q: Why are there fewer clinically effective antifungal andantiparasitic agents than antibacterial…
A: Antifungal agents or medications are the drugs or pharmaceuticals that either kill or inhibit the…
Q: Which of the following applies to the Zone of Inhibition? None of the answers apply Decreases in…
A: Introduction :- Zone of inhibition is the zone or area created by any given antibiotics in the…
Q: associated microorganism benefit from its plant host?
A: Associated microorganisms are those which are attached or somehow associated with the plant host.
Q: Which HDAC inhibitors are used as anticancer agents?
A: Histone deacetylase(HDAC) Inhibitors are a class of anti cancer agents that induces apoptosis…
Q: Which of the following groups of antimicrobial drugs selectively targets bacterial cell wall…
A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…
Q: Draw a diagram to illustrate the procedure for the determination of the minimum inhibitory…
A: Microbes or microorganisms cannot be viewed with unaided eyes and require a microscope for their…
Q: Why are bacteria referred to as pathogens
A:
Q: What is the role of antimicrobials in disrupting microbial biota and causing superinfections?
A: The intestines are a great source of microbiota for mammals and humans. However, our understanding…
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- What is the difference between the use of Peppermint oil and Cinnamon oil in Veterinary Medicine to treat the bacterial infections Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus?Why are antimicrobials inhibited in the presence of organic matter?What are the common neutralizing agents and methods used to inactivate the innate antimicrobial activity of a product?