Pseudomonas Aerogenosa has the ability to use pilus as a motility structure
How does Pseudomonas aerogenosa contribute to the virulance of the pathogen?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium which is liable for serious infectious diseases, chronic infections in cystic fibrosis affected patients, and life-threatening illnesses among immunocompromised individuals. The virulence factor plays a vital pathological role in the survival of the bacteria, colonization, and the invasion of tissues.
The virulence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa relies on a great number of factors associated with cells and extracellular factors.
There are mainly two types of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa:
1) factors that are involved in acute infection: These are either secreted or present on the surface of the bacterium. The pili offers adherence to the epithelial layer where the exoenzyme S and other adhesins strengthen epithelial cell adherence. The tissue necrosis and thermolabile hemolysin are responsible for exotoxin A and Phospholipase C respectively. Exoenzyme S's pathogenic function mainly leads to disturbances to the normal organization of the cytoskeleton, the degradation of IgG and IgA followed by the depolymerization of actin filaments and resistance to macrophages. P. aeruginosa also secrets proteins like proteolytic and elastolytic which are assumed to contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity.
2) factors that are involved in the chronic infection: In the absence of ferrous ions, siderophores such as pyoverdine and pyochelin allow bacteria to multiply and grow. The strains also have a pseudo alginate capsule which protects the bacterium against phagocytosis, antibiotics and dehydration. In addition, it enhances compliance with biofilm epithelial cells.
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