What does pulse oximetry have to do with PaCO2? а. A pulse oximeter can directly measure the PaCO2 (but not the PVCO2). O b. Increased PaCO, will cause more Hb to be saturated at lower PaO2. The two are not related because a pulse oximeter measures PaO2. O d. The two are not related because pulse oximeter is distal and CO, is measured in the medulla. e. Decreased PACO, will cause more Hb to be saturated at lower Pa02.
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- The major baroreceptor(s) used to regulate blood pressure is/are located in… Group of answer choices a. The brachial artery only b. Both the aortic arch and the carotid sinuses c. The medulla oblongata only d. The aortic arch only e. The carotid sinuses onlyCarotid Sinus Massage is used as a clinical tool in the diagnosis of certain cardiovascular disorders. In addition, it’s simply a cool bit of physiology that highlights part of the baroreceptor reflex. In simple terms, what effect(s) do/does the manual massaging of the carotid sinus have on the above-noted effector(s)? Why? It is thought that the elderly tend to have hypersensitivity with this reflex; often contributing to death. It’s also believed that this response partially contributes to death by hanging or by manual strangulation. Briefly describe how this too is consistent with your understanding of the reflex.Which of the following is a circulatory adjustment to sustained moderate exercise? A. Constriction of the cutaneous circulation B) Decreased intestinal blood flow C. Decreased venous return D. Increased renal blood flow E) Increased total peripheral vascular resistar
- Nursing When comparing Ist, 2nd and 3rd degree heart block: a. Which has the same contraction rate in the ventricles as in the atria? b. Which has (have) a slower ventricular rate than atrial rate? C. Which has a very slow but regular ventricular beat? d. In 3rd degree heart block, where is the atrial rate set? Where is the ventriclar rate set ?During ventricular diastole, pressure in the ventricles falls to ____ mm Hg, while the pressure within the large arteries is about ____ mm Hg.A. 120, 80B. 80,120C. 80,0D. 0,80E. 40, 1204. Whereas (a) reflex is most important for regulating mean arterial pressure on a short-term basis; And (b) mechanism is most important for regulating mean arterial pressure on a long-term basis.(a)A. baroreceptor (b) chemoreceptorB. chemoreceptor (b) baroreceptor C. chemoreceptor(b) hormonal D. hormonal (b) baroreceptorE. baroreceptor (b) hormonal22. Ventricular Contractility increases in response to circulating Epinephrine. What factor is responsible for this increase in the force of the contraction? A.the Na+ current (depol.) B.the Ca++ current which causes the plateau (trigger Ca++) C.the K+ current D.a decreased Central Venous Pressure 23. Normally, Systole takes up about 80% of the Cardiac Cycle. A. true B. false 24.Which of the following is not an affect of circulating Angiostensin II (AII)? A.thirst B.selective vasodilation C.increased peripheral vascular tone & resistance D.the release of Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex 25. Blood Volume affects blood pressure because it directly increases: A.Total Peripheral Resistance B.Stroke Volume C.End Systolic Volume D.Central Venous Pressure 26. Atrial Naturetic Factor is released to adjust blood pressure. Which organ releases this hormone? A.the heart B.the kidneys C.the adrenal cortex
- Why does the right ventricle have a bicuspid valve? a. The low pressure generated by the right ventricle is best suited to bicuspid valve compared with a tricuspid valve b. The high pressure generated by the right ventricle would be better controlled by a bicuspid compared with a tricuspid valve c. Only a short pumping distance to the lungs is required for the bicuspid valve d. The right ventricle does not have a bicuspid valveWhich of the following is true about the pacemaker potential in the heart? a. Decreased K+ efflux causes the resting membrane potential to increase b. Action potential occurs when T-type Ca2+ channels open c. Only the SA node in the heart has a pacemaker potential d. The atrioventricular node is needed to pace the sinoatrial node e. None of the options are trueYou brought an AED to the site of resuscitation. How will you operate the AED?
- Endurance athletes sometimes try an illegal method of blood doping called autologous transfusion. Some blood from the athlete is removed well before competition, and then transfused back into the athlete just before competition. (a) Why might blood transfusion benefit the athlete? (b) With time, stored red blood cells become depleted in 2,3-BPG. What might be the consequences of using such blood for a blood transfusion?If the sinoatrial node stopped generating action potentials the heart would _____. A stop beating because the sinoatrial node is the heart's pacemaker B beat with a slower frequency due to the spontaneous depolarization of the AV node C go into fibrillation immediately because the heart cells would no longer function in a coordinated rhythm D continue to beat normally because the sympathetic neurons going to the cardiomyocytes would initiate the depolarization1. In ventricular fibrillation, there is no pattern visible in the EKG. What does this mean in terms of contraction? A. contraction will have no visible pattern either and the ventricles will be unable to eject much blood B. the pattern doesn't matter; contraction of the ventricles will not be affected as long as ventricular myocytes continue to depolarize and depolarize C. the ventricular myocytes will be unable to contract C. contraction will become constant and ventricles will be unable to fill with blood 2. Which structure follows depolarization of the SA Node and atria in the cardiac conduction system? A.ventricular myocytes B.AV Node C.left and right bundle branches D.AV bundle E Purkinje fibers 3. Hypertension increases afterload for the heart which in turn A. increases Stroke Volume B. decreases Stroke Volume C.increases Cardiac Output D.increases Venous Return