What does the law of definite proportions state? Select the correct answer below: All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. When two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The total energy of the universe is constant. D FEEDBA

What does the law of definite proportions state? Select the correct answer below: All samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass. When two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The total energy of the universe is constant. D FEEDBA

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285853918

Author:H. Stephen Stoker

Publisher:H. Stephen Stoker

Chapter3: Atomic Structures And The Periodic Table

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3.101EP

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2-12 The elements game, Part 1. Name and give the symbol of the element that is named for each person. (a) Niels Bohr (1885—1962), Nobel Prize for physics in 1922 (b) Pierre and Marie Curie, Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1903 (c) Albert Einstein (1879—1955), Nobel Prize for physics in 1921 (d) Enrico Fermi (1901—1954), Nobel Prize for physics in 1938 (e) Ernest Lawrence (1901—1958), Nobel Prize for physics in 1939 (f) Lise Meitner (1868—1968, codiscoverer of nuclear fission (g) Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834—1907), first person to formulate a workable Periodic Table h) Alfred Nobel (1833—1896), discoverer of dynamite (i) Ernest Rutherford (1871—1937), Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1908 (j) Glen Seaborg (1912—1999), Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1951
2-35 The two most abundant naturally occurring isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 (98.90%, 12.000 amu) and carbon-13 (1.10%, 13.003 amu). From these abundances, calculate the atomic weight of carbon and compare your calculated value with that given in the Periodic Table.
Insulin is a complex protein molecule produced by the pancreas in all vertebrates. It is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism. Inability to produce insulin results in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is treated by injections of insulin. Given the law of definite proportion, would you expect there to be any differences in chemical activity between human insulin extracted from pancreatic tissue and human insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria? Why or why not?
Identify the postulate of Dalton’s theory that is violated by the following observations: 59.95% of one sample of titanium dioxide is titanium; 60.10% of a different sample of titanium dioxide is titanium.
2-103 The element silver has two naturally occurring isotopes: 109Ag and 107Ag with a mass of 106.905 amu. Silver consists of 51.82% 07Ag and has an average atomic mass of 107.868 amu. Calculate the mass of 109Ag
What are the symbols for the following nonmetal elements that are most often present in compounds studied in organic chemistry: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur? Predict a stable isotope for each of these elements.
Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown here. Compound Description Mass of Carbon Mass of Hydrogen X clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 1.776 g 0.148 g Y clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 1.974 g 0.329 g Z clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor 7.812 g 0.651 g Do these data provide example(s) of the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, neither, or both? What do these data tell you about compounds X, Y, and Z?
Use the periodic table shown in Fig. 4.9 to find the symbol or name for each of the following elements. Symbol Name Co rubidium Rn radium
How does an atom differ from a molecule? In what ways are they similar?
Distinguish between the terms family and period in connection with the periodic table. For which of these terms is the term group also used?
Section 1-5 describes the postulates of Daltons atomic theory. With some modifications, these postulates hold up very well regarding how we view elements, compounds, and chemical reactions today. Answer the following questions concerning Dalton's atomic theory and the modifications made today. a. The atom can be broken down into smaller parts. What are the smaller parts? b. How are atoms of hydrogen identical to each other and how can they be different from each other? c. How are atoms of hydrogen different from atoms of helium? How can H atoms be similar to He atoms? d. How is water different from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) even though both compounds are composed of only hydrogen and oxygen? e. What happens in a chemical reaction and why is mass conserved in a chemical reaction?
Show that the Daltons atomic theory explains the Law of Definite Composition.